Parasite Cestode Flashcards
1
Q
what are the two life pattern of cestodes
A
water type and infects terrestrial mammals
1
Q
what are the two life pattern of cestodes
A
2
Q
cestodes are identified based on
A
- proglottid structure
- head appearance
- eggs
3
Q
infective stage of the parasitic cestode
A
metacestodes
4
Q
cestodes are parasites of
A
1.fish
2.amphibians
3.reptiles
4.birds
5.mammals
5
Q
sex of cestodes
A
purely hermaphrodite
6
Q
sexual characteristic for proglottid of cestode
A
has a male and female counterpart
7
Q
morphological characteristic of cestode
A
dorsoventrally flattened
8
Q
cestodes are considered as
A
tapeworms; which some are segmented and some are not
9
Q
life cycle of cestodes
A
indirect, has 1-2 IH
10
Q
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM OF CESTODE
A
lack
11
Q
feeding characteristic of cestode
A
they absorb nutrients, mineral through their special tegument
12
Q
the larval stage present in the IH:
A
metacestodes
13
Q
2 main groups of cestode
A
- cestodaria
- eucestodaria
14
Q
a general feature which equal to head
A
scolex
15
Q
a general feature, proliferation zone
A
neck
16
Q
the neck has
A
undifferentiated stem cells, which means they are actively dividing
17
Q
general term for all the accumulated proglottids
A
strobila
18
Q
have unique reproductive segments:
A
proglottids
19
Q
in terms of proglottid process, some cestodes when they reach maturity
A
they send sensory signals for the detachment of proglottids (gravid)
20
Q
new proglottids are formed on the
A
neck
21
Q
the previous proglottid moves
A
posteriorly in a continuous process
22
Q
how immature, mature and gravid proglottid are differentiated.
A
size and the organ present in that specific segment
23
Q
proglottid that is smaller and shorter and doesnt have reproductive organs
A
immature
24
proglottid that has male and female organs present
mature
25
proglottid that has male and female organ present and has eggs in the uterus
gravid
26
some parasites under cestoda tends to have different no of proglottids
true
27
proglottid number
some can have 3-5, while some can reach up to 4k
28
animal where the proglottid of cestoda can reach up to 4k
fish
29
egg release of proglottid is thru
1. gravid proglotted can be attached and they release eggs in the feces
2.some parasites, they detaches, disintegrates releasing the eggs
30
what is used in taxonomical classification
scolex differences
31
drugs that attacks the neck of cestodes
Praziquantel
32
other area where eggs can be shed
strobila
33
proglottid can detach before releasing the egg
true
34
polyzoic
have many proglottid
35
monozoic
all of the reproductive organs and scolex are within a single body, with a strobila lacking all signs of segmentation
36
all cestodes are segmented
false
37
not all cestodes are segmented
true
38
tegument
complex and multifunctional. they have roles in nutrient absorption, attachment, evasion of host immunity and protection from host digestion
39
spp that has duplicate set of male and female organs
Moniezia expansa
40
has two sets of male and one set of female organs
Diplophallus
41
why self fertilization is usually avoided
because male reproductive system matures before the female counterpart
42
male reproductive system matures before the female counterpart is called
protandry
43
female reproductive organs mature before the male organs
protogyny
44
transfer of sperm normally occur between
different proglottids of the same strobili or between proglottids in different strobila
45
female counterpart has a
vagina
46
cestodes has a
vas deferens
vitelline gland
mehlis gland
47
a protrusible copulatory organ that evaginates through the genital atrium
cirrus
48
sperm transfer normally occurs from
a cirrus to a vagina however some spp lacks vagina
49
how is sperm transferred when there is no vagina
cirrus is forced thru the body wall and the sperm are deposited into the parenchyma
50
organs found in male repro
testes (gonad)
vas deferens
seminal receptacle/vesicle
cirrus
51
organ that release substance for the sperm to survive
vas deferens and seminal receptacle
52
what connects the vagina and seminal receptacle, also where active sperm fertilization occurs
cirrus
53
organs found in female repro
ovary
yolk stock
ootype
mehlis gla d
uterus
vagina
54
where ootype is produced
ovary (germinarium)
55
yolk stock also called as
vitellarium
56
area of fertilization and also push the fertilized egg into the uterus
ootype
57
the ovary of the cestodes releases
periodically
58
the oocytes are fertilized inside the?
ootype
59
sperms comes from the
receptaculum seminis
60
1. Spp that has lappet
anoplocephala perfoliata
61
2. Spp without lappet
anoplocephala magna
62
3. Genus that occur in the large and small intestine of donkey and horse
anoplocephala
63
4. Spp that occur in the intestine of horse only
paranoplocephala mamillana
64
5. Ih of anoplocephala genus
oribatid mites
65
6. Where does the cysticercoid develop in the IH of anoplocephalidae spp
body cavity
66
7. Pathogenesis of anoplociphala spp
a. Light infxn doesn’t produce clinical signs
b. Heavy/large infection:
i. Unthriftiness even death
ii. Ulcerative lesions in the cecal wall
iii. Damage to the villi
iv. Catarrhal or hemorrhagic enteritis
v. Vit B. deficiency
67
8. Drugs for anoplocephala spp
a. Praziquantel 1mg/kg
b. Micronized mebendazole 15-20mg/kg)
c. Bithionol 7mg/kg
d. Niclosamide 88mg/kg
68
9. Ppp od anoplocephalidae spp.
4-6 weeks
69
10. Spp. that occur in the small intestine of sheep, goat, cattle and other ruminant
a. Monieza expansa
b. Monieza benedini
70
11. How many sets of genital organs does monieza expansa have?
2
71
12. The ovaries of and vitteline gland of this spp forms a ring on either side
monieza expansa
72
13. Rossete-like interproglottidal gland at the posterior border of each proglottid
monieza expansa
73
14. How many suckers does monieza expansa have?
4
74
15. Broader than m. expansa
monieza benedini
75
16. Interprogtidal gland arrange in short, continuous row close to the mid line of the segment
- monieza benedini
76
17. How many suckers does monieza benedini have?
4
77
18. Pp of monieza spp?-
4-8 weeks
78
19. Age of calves affected by monieza
under 6 months
79
20. Pathogenesis of monieza spp-
a. Depressed wool and production
b. Vit B. deficiency
c. Heavy infection in young causes death
80
21. Economical to treat all lambs in order to avoid severe disease or death cases. Mandatory to deworm all lambs in herd
monieza spp
81
22. Drugs for monieza spp-
a. Praziquantel 5mg/kg
b. Niclosamide 100mg/kg
82
23. Resembles cooked rice grain during diagnosis
monieza spp
83
24. Geographic distribution of avitellina centripunctata
- Europe, Africa, asia (clue 3 big continents)
84
25. Pyriform apparatus of avitellina centripunctata
NONE
85
26. Genetalia of avitellina centripunctata
single and pores alt are irregulat
86
27. IH of avitellina centripunctata
psocid mites
87
28. Common name of psocid mites
bark lice or dust lcie
88
29. Pp of avitellina centripunctata
4-8 weeks
89
30. Pathogenesis of avitellina centripunctata
a. Obstruction of bile flow
b. Digestive disorder and unthriftiness (young animals)
90
31. Drugs for avitellina-
a. Bithionol 200mg/kg
b. Niclosamide 400-600mg/kg
91
32. FRINGE TAPEWORM-
thysanosoma actinoides
92
33. Common name of thysanosoma actinoides
fringe tapeworm
93
34. Geographic distribution of thysanosoma actinoides
north and south America
94
35. Occurs in the bile ducts and pancreatic duct and small intestines of ruminants
fringe tapeworm
95
36. How many eggs does the fringe tapeworm have
6-12
96
37. Ppp of fringe tapeworm
4-8 weeks
97
38. Set of genetal organs of fringe tapeworms
2
98
39. Gravid uterus of the fringe tapeworm is replaced by
____- paruterine organs/capsule
99
40. Pathogenesis of thysanosoma actinoides
same with avitellina centripunctata which is??
a. Obstruction of bile flow
b. Digestive disorder and unthriftiness in young
100
41. Drugs for fringe tapeworm- same with a. centripuntata
a. Bithionol 200mg/kg
b. Niclosamide 400-600mg/kg
101
42. Occurs in the duodenum of fowl, pigeon and other gallinaceous bird
davainea proglottina
102
43. Adults of davainea have how many proglottids
4-9 proglottids
103
44. Eggs of davainea
lies singly in the parenchymatous capsules in the gravid proglottids
104
45. IH of davainea proglottina
slugs and snails
105
46. Ppp of davainea
14 days to 1 month
106
47. Pathogenesis of davainea
a. Highly pathogenic (but depending on the age, immunity and health status of brids
b. Villi necrosis and hemorrhagic enteritis
107
48. Drugs for davainea
a. -praziquantel PO 1x10mg/kg- effective against adult and immature tapeworm
b. niclosamide 20mg/kg
c. -Fenbendazole 100 ppm in food for 7 days (recommended in cased of Raillietina and hymenolepis infection
108
49. Drugs that is effective against adult and immature tapeworm of davainea
praziquantel PO 1x10mg/kg
109
50. Drug recommended for railliietina and hymenolepis infection
fenbendazole 100 ppm in food for 7 days
110
51. Occurs in the posterior half of the small intestine of chicken, genia fowl, pigeon and other birds
raillietina tetragona
111
52. Ppp of raillietina tetragona
13 days to 3 week
112
53. One of the largest fowl tapeworm-
reillietina tetragona
113
54. Eggs of reillietina teteragons
6-12
114
55. IH or reilleitina tetragona
ants and beetles
115
56. Characteristic of suckers of reilleitina
oval and armed
116
57. Pathogenesis of reilleitina
weight loss and decrease of production
a. Drugs for reilleitina tetragona- -praziquantel PO 1x10mg/kg- effective against adult and immature tapeworm
b. niclosamide 20mg/kg
c. -Fenbendazole 100 ppm in food for 7 days (recommended in cased of Raillietina and hymenolepis infection
117
58. CUCUMBER SEED TAPEWORM
- diphylidium caninum
117
58. CUCUMBER SEED TAPEWORM
- diphylidium caninum
118
59. Occurs in the small intestine of dog, cat, fix and occasional man
diphylidium caninum
119
60. Common name of diphylidium caninum
cucumber seed tapeworm
120
61. IH of diphylidium caninum
Ctenocephalides canis, feli, tricodectes canis dog louse
121
62. How many egg in diphylidium caninum
8-30 eggs
122
63. Retractable rostellum has 3-4 rows of rose thorn-shaped hooks
diphylidum caninum
123
64. Pathogenesis of diphylidum caninum
a. Diarrhea/constipation
b. Unthrifty
c. Pot-bellied appearance
d. Dog sliding/ rubbing its anus over the groudnor scooting
e. Proglottids may also be dropped off from the animal and migrate into the chairs, floors and clothes
124
65. How many set of genital organs does diphyliudm caninum have in each proglottid
2
125
66. Its vitelline gland resembles a bunch of grapes
diphylidium caninum
126
67. Detected as a cucumber-seed-like/rice grain proglottid in fresh feces
diphylidium caninum
127
68. Drusg fro diphylidium caninum
a. Praziquantel 5mg/kg
b. Use of anti-ectoparasite compounds targeting the IH fleas and lice
128
69. Infects the intestine of rodents, simian, primates and man
hymenolepis nana
129
70. Oncosphere possess 3 pairs of hooks, eggs have polar thickening
hymenolepis nana
130
71. IH of hymenolepis nana
fleas and flour beetles
131
72. Pathogenesis of hymenolipes nana
a. Anorexia
b. Vomiting
c. Diarrhea
d. Rodents:retardd growth and weight loss
e. Abdominal pain
132
73. Importance of hymenolepis nana-
more into zoonotic and not into rodents
133
74. Ppp of hymenolepis nana
16 days
134
75. Drugs for hymenolepis nana
a. Niclosamide
b. Praziquantel
c. Paramomycin
135
76. Geographic distribution of hymenolepis spp
tropics and subtropics
136
77. Spp. that occur commonly in wild rodents-
hymenolepis nana
137
78. Drugs for hymenolepis nana
same with h. diminuta which are
a. Niclosamide
b. Praziquantel
c. Paramomycin
138
79. Ppp of hymenolepis nana
16 days
139
80. Also known as beef tapeworm
taenia saginata/taeniarynchus
140
81. Geographic distribution of beef tapeworm
cosmopolitan
141
82. Occurs in the small intestine (duodenum and ilium) of man
taenia saginata
142
83. DH of taenia saginata
man
143
84. Occurs in muscle of cattle, masseters, heart, diaphragm, tongue
taenia saginata
144
85. Infective stage of taenia saginata
cysticercous bovis
145
86. How many lateral branches does taenia saginata have in its uterus
14-32
146
87. Diagnostic features that helps to differentiae saginata from solium
lateral branches and vaginal sphincter
147
88. Characteristic of taenia saginata-
a. Vaginal sphincter-
b. Ovary-
c. Excretory pouch-
d. Eggs are-
e. Color-
f. Rostellum-
g. Scolex
a. Vaginal sphincter-present
b. Ovary-bilobed
c. Excretory pouch- does not extend to the excretory vessel
d. Eggs are-oval
e. Color- cream to white
f. Rostellum- none
g. Scolex- has 2 rows of hooklets
148
89. Common name of taenia solium-
pork tapeworm
149
90. Geographic distribution of taenia solium
latin America, southern Africa, southeast asia, Indian subcontinent
150
91. Occurs in the skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle- addjascent to the abdominal cavity of pig (wild/domesticated)-
taenia solium
151
92. Infective stage of taenia sagita
cysticercous cellulosae
152
93. Length of taenia solium
3-5 and may reach to 8 meter
153
94. Characteristic of taenia solium
a. Excretory pouch-
b. Ovary has how many lobes-
c. Eggs are-
d. Rostellum
e. Lateral branches-
f. How many rows of hooklets in scolex-
g. Hpw many eggs in the proglottids-
a. Excretory pouch-extend to the excretory vessels
b. Ovary has how many lobes- 3
c. Eggs are- shpherical
d. Rostellum-present
e. Lateral branches-7-16
f. How many rows of hooklets in scolex-2
g. Hpw many eggs in the proglottids- 40,000 and do not leave the host spontaneously
154
95. Diagnostic feature of t. saginata and solium that is not reliable
lateral branches
155
96. More reliable feature of saginata and solium for diagnostic
vaginal sphincter
156
97. Ppp of t. saginata and solium
-5-6 weeks up to 6-8 months
157
97. Ppp of t. saginata and solium
-5-6 weeks up to 6-8 months
158
98. How the hatching of the oncosphere is influenced
with gastric and intestinal juices
159
99. Used to descrie meats infected with t saginata and solium
a. Measly pork-solium
b. Measly beef- saginata
160
Patho for t solium and saginata
a. Abdominal symptoms
i. Anorexia
ii. Volmiting
iii. Diarrhea
iv. Abdominal pain
b. Neurological symptoms –
i. Neurocysticercous for t solium
1. Epileptic seizures
2. Psychological disorders
ii. Why?
iii. Because cysticerci in man develop primarily in the sC tissue but could reach the brain specifically t. solium and ocular tissue resulting to tremendous damage
161
Drugs for taenia solium and saginata
a. Praziquantel (1x100mg/kg SC- for Cysticercous bovis
b. Fenbendazole-7x5mg/kg PO
c. Niclosamide
d. Albendazole and mebendazole
162
102. Prophylaxis of taenia solium and saginata
a. Proper meat inspection, public education and treatment of infected individuals (infected meats should not be passed for consumption)
b. Refrain from eating raw or raw undercooked meat
163
103. Infective stage of taenia hydatigena
Cystecercous tenuicollis
164
IS of taenia ovis
cystecercous ovis
165
105. Is of Taenia psisiformis/serrata
- Cystecercous pisiformis
166
106. IS of taenia taeniaeformis
cystecercous fasciolaris
167
107. Characteristic of T. taeniaeformis
a. Neck and rows of rostellar hooks-
b. Lateral branches of uterus-
a. Neck and rows of rostellar hooks- lacks neck and 2 rows of rh
b. Lateral branches of uterus- 5-9
168
IS of taenia multiceps
Coenurus cerebralis
169
Occurs in the small intestine of dogs and other wild carnivores
Taenia hydatigena
170
110. IH of taenia hydatigena
sheep and other ruminants
171
111. Characteristic of tae nia hydatigena-
a. how many row and rostellar hoks
b. Lhow many lateral branches in uterus-
a. Have 2 rows of 26 and 45 rostellar hooks
b. Lhow many lateral branches in uterus- 6-10
172
112. Patho of taenia hydatigena
a. Migration of cysticerci in the IH liver causes hemorrhagic and fibrotic tract
b. Traumatic hepatitis in young IH
c. Abdominal symptoms/ obstruction of the intestine of the DH
173
Spp that occurs in the small intestine of dogs and wild carnovores
hydatigena, ovis, and multiceps
174
114. IH of taenia ovis
goat and sheep
175
115. IH of taenia pisiformis/seratta-
rodents and lagomorphs
176
116. Characteristic of taenia pisiformis/serrata-
a. Neck and rows of rostellar hooks-
b. Lateral branches-
c. Rostellum
a. Neck and rows of rostellar hooks- lacks neck and 2 rows of rostellar hookes
b. Lateral branches- 8-14
c. Rostellum—34-48 hooks
177
117. Ih of taenia multicpes
Goat and sheep
178
118. Known as common tapeworm of dogs
taenia ovis
179
119. Characteristic of taenia ovos-
a. Lateral branches of uterus-
a. Lateral branches of uterus-11-20
180
120. Characteristic of taenia multiceps
a. The infective stage which is the coenurus develop
b. Lateral branches of the uterus-
a. The infective stage which is the coenurus develop on the brain of the Intermediate host
b. Lateral branches of the uterus- 14-20
181
121. Rejection of the IH meat due to its uneasthetic appearace
- Taenia ovis
182
Severe infection to the IH will result to liver damage and death
Taenia pisiformis/serrata
183
Patho of taenia multiceps
a. Acute meningoencephalitis in lambs when large immature coenurus migrate in the brain
b. Series of neurological sigsns depending on what part of the nervous system is affected
184
124. Occurs in the small intestine of dogs and in the liver and lungs of ungulates, and ovarius organs of humans
echinoccus granulosus
185
Ppp of t. hydatigena
- 51 days in dogs
186
126. Ppp of ovis
60 days in dogs
187
127. Ppp of pisiformis-
50 days in dogs
188
128. Ppp ot faeniaeformis
36-42 days in cats
189
129. Ppp of multiceps
45-47 days in dogs
190
Treatment of taeniid parasite infection
a. Bithionol 200mg/kg
b. Niclosamide 100-150mg/kg
c. Praziquantel 5mg/kg
d. Hexachlorphene 15mg/kg
191
131. Prophylaxis of taeniid infection in animals
a. Dogs should not be feed with offal or meat of slaughtered animal
b. Cats or dogs should be prevented in catching small wild animal
192
132. Prophylaxis of taeniid infection in human
a. Proper meat inspection, public education, and treatment of infected individuals
b. Refrain from eating raw or undercooked meat
193
Geographic distribution of echinococcus granulosus
cosmopolitan
194
134. Characteristic of echinococcus granulosus
a. Rows of hooks in rostellum-
b. Shape of ovary-
c. Genital pores-
a. Rows of hooks in rostellum- 2
b. Shape of ovary- kidney shaped
c. Genital pores- alternate irregularly and normally open in the posterior half of the mature and gravid proglottids
195
Geographic distribution of echinococcus multilocularis
central and eastern Europe, Canada and USSR
196
136. Occurs in the small intestine of dogs and liver or lungs of ungulates or humans
echinococcus multilocularis
197
137. Characteristic of e. multilocularis
a. Proglottids
b. Lateral pouching in the gravid uterus-
a. Proglottids-2-6
b. Lateral pouching in the gravid uterus- lacks
198
Geographic distribution of e. vogeli
central and northern south America
199
Occurs in the small intestine of dogs, liver or lungs of rodents, pakas or humans
E. vogeli
200
140. Characteristic of e. vogeli
a. No lateral branches in gravid uterus and is relatively long and tubular in form
201
141. Ppp of multiloculatis
32-80 days
202
142. Ppp of vogeli
32-80 days
203
143. Pathogenesis of echinococcus infection
a. Not evident harm in dogs especially in moderate number
b. Fatal in humans (human hydatidosis)
i. Impaired organ function (i.e brian and heart)
ii. Rupture of cyst causes anaphylactic shock
iii. Alveolar hydatidosis ( caused by e. multilocularis) initiates malignant tumor growth
204
144. Diagnosis of echinococcus infection
a. Difficult to be differentiated with the taenia egg during fecalysis
b. Demonstration of the adukt parasite in dogs via oral administration of arecoline hydrobromine 1-2mg/kg
c. Detection of adult parasite during necropsy
d. Lesion detection in dog via radiography
205
145. Treatment for echinococcus infection
a. Humans:
i. Surgical removal of cyst
b. Anthelminthics (animals)
i. Arecoline hydrobromine 1-2 mg/kg
ii. Nitrosconate 50mg/kg
iii. Praziquantel 5mg/kg
206
146. Control of echinocccus infection
a. Dogs should not be feed with offal or meat form slaughtered animal
b. Cats/dogs should be prevented in catching small wild anmimals
c. Humans:
i. Proper meat inspection, public education, and treatment of infected individuals
ii. Refreain from eating raw or uncooked meat
207
147. Scolex has narrow, deep and muscular grooves called
bothria and unarmed
208
148. Testes and vitellaria of diphyllobotriidae are-
scattered
209
149. Ovary and the gravid uterus of diphyllobotriidae
bilobed and spiral tube
210
150. Eggs of diphyllobotriidae
operculate nad unembryonated when laid
211
151. Diphyllobotriidae lc
a. Ciliated embryo-
b. Occurs in the IH(copepod crustaceans)-
c. Occurs in the second IH(fish)-
d. Occurs in the DH(birds/mammals)-
a. Ciliated embryo- free living coracidium
b. Occurs in the IH(copepod crustaceans)- procercoid
c. Occurs in the second IH(fish)- plerocercoid
d. Occurs in the DH(birds/mammals)-DH
212
152. GEO DIST OF D. LATUM
cosmopolitan
213
153. Broad fish tapeworm
d. latum
214
154. Occurs in the si of man, dog,cat pig polar bear and other fish eating mmasl
d. latum
215
155. D. latum occurs in the blank of fish
muscles
216
156. D latum characteristic-
a. Adult measurement-
b. Color-
c. Egg color-
a. Adult measurement-1-12 m or longer
b. Color- yellowish grey with dark, central markings (uterus and egg)
c. Egg color- light brown and operculated
217
157. Ppp of d. latum
3-4 weeks
218
158. IS for the DH of D. latum
plerocercoid/spargana
219
159. Patho of d latum:
a. Not evident in aniamls
b. Fatal in humans (diphyllobothriasis)
i. Non-specific abdominal symptoms
ii. Macrolytic hypochromic anemia
iii. Aberrant migration of proglottids=cholecystitis or cholangitis
iv. Obstruction of the intestinal lumen
220
160. Diagnosis of d latum.
a. Detection of egg during fecalysis
b. Symptoms/clinical signs
c. Lesion detection in human via radiography
221
Treatment of d. latum-
a. Praziquantel 25mg/kg
b. Niclosamide
c. Quinacrine
222
162. Prophylaxis of d latum-
a. Adequate freezing and cooking of fish
b. Refrain from consumption of fresh or uncooked fish
c. Animals should not b fed raw fish (meat or entrails)/
