Parasite and Helminth Drugs

Question 1

<p>Clinical App:

nematodes generally but can be used in certain cestode and trematode infections</p>

Answer 1

<p>Benzimidazoles</p>

Question 2

<p>Stage Killed:

Eggs, Larvae, Adults </p>

Answer 2

<p>Benzimidazoles</p>

Question 3

<p>Common Serious Adverse Rx:

GI disturbance and BM suppression</p>

Answer 3

<p>Benzimidazoles</p>

Question 4

<p>Mechanism of Action:

1. Inhibit microtubule polymerization
2. Inhibit energy production</p>

Answer 4

<p>Benzimidazole</p>

Question 5

<p>Resistance:

1. Switch Beta tubulin isotype
2. B tubulin point mutation</p>

Answer 5

<p>Benzimidazole</p>

Question 6

<ol>
<li>Nematodes</li>
(Onchoceriasis when given in combo with steroids)
(Lymph filariasis when given in combo with benzimidazoles)
<li>Ineffective against trematodes and cestodes</li>
</ol>

Answer 6

<p>Ivermectin</p>

Question 7

Stage Killed:

Microfilariae

Answer 7

Ivermectin

Question 8

Common Serious Adverse Rxns:

1. Mazzotti-like rxn due to dying microfilariae (use steroids)
2. Contraindicated in onchocerciasis

Answer 8

Ivermectin

Question 9

Mechanism of Action:

Activates glutamate-gated Cl- channels causing flaccid paralysis

Answer 9

Ivermectin

Question 10

Resistance:

1. P-glycoprotein
2. Mutation in channel

Answer 10

Ivermectin

Question 11

Clinical App:

Nematodes
Loiasis) and (Lymph filariasis in combo with benzimid

Answer 11

DEC

Question 12

Stage Killed:

Microfilariae and adults

Answer 12

DEC

Question 13

Common Searious Adverse Rxns:

1. Mazzotti-like rxn due to dying microfilariae (use steroids)
2. Contraindicated in onchocerciasis

Answer 13

DEC

Question 14

Mechanism of Action:

Stimulate host immune response

Answer 14

DEC

Question 15

Resistance:

Typically not a problem

Answer 15

DEC

Question 16

Clinical App:

Nematodes in GI lumen

Answer 16

Pyrantel

Question 17

Stage killed:

Larvae and adults

Answer 17

Pyrantel

Question 18

Common Serious Adverse Rxns:

GI disturbances and headaches

Answer 18

Pyrantel

Question 19

Mechanism of Action:

1. Stimulate nicotinic receptor
2. Increase ACh release and spastic paralysis

Answer 19

Pyrantel

Question 20

Clinical App:

1. Trematodes (schistosomiasis)
2. Cestodes

Ineffective against nematodes

Answer 20

Praziquantel

Question 21

Stage Killed:

Immature stages and adults

Answer 21

Praziquntel

Question 22

Common Serious Adverse Rxns:

1. GI disturbances and headaches
2. Containdicated in intraocular cysticercosis

Answer 22

Praziquantel

Question 23

Mechanism of Action:

Increase membrance permeability to Ca ++ with spastic paralysis

Answer 23

Praziquantel

Question 24

Resistance:

Typically not a problem

Answer 24

Pyrantel

Question 25

Resistance:

Typically not a problem
Possible mutation in VGCC

Answer 25

Praziquantel