Paraphilic Disorders

Question 1

Who were the early pioneers of sexual behaviours?

Answer 1

Dr Masters and Virginia Johnson

Question 2

Why is there little research on paraphilic disorders?

Answer 2

Taboo; divisive and controversial; political dynamic

Question 3

Socio cultural factors of sex

Answer 3

1. There are universal and variable aspects

2. Sexual attitudes vary greatly across cultures and time

Question 4

Example of a universal aspect of sexuality

Answer 4

Taboo of sex between relatives

Question 5

Example of a variable aspect to sexuality

Answer 5

Attitudes towards premarital sex

Question 6

Example of a sexual attitude that’s changed overtime

Answer 6

Normalisation of S&M

Question 7

What year was homosexuality decriminalised in England and Wales?

Answer 7

1967

Question 8

What does Degeneracy Theory (Tissot, 1750s) suggest?

Answer 8

Masculine traits were related to seminal fluids:

loss of semen = loss of masculine characteristics

Question 9

Name two critiques of Degeneracy Theory

Answer 9

1. Based on observation of castrated males

2. Masculine features come from testosterone

Question 10

What does Abstinence Theory (Graham, 1830s) suggest?

Answer 10

Overindulging caused impure thoughts + masturbation can lead to blindness

Question 11

What are the 3 main components to Abstinence Theory?

Answer 11

1. Healthy food
2. Physical fitness
3. Sexual abstinence

Question 12

What did Dr John Kellogg believe about masturbation?

Answer 12

Masturbation was a public health issue and caused insanity

Question 13

What did Dr John Kellogg encourage as a treatment of masturbation?

Answer 13

Circumcision; sewing foreskin; burning clitoris

Question 14

What did Schug and Fradella (2015) say about sexual disorders in the DSM?

Answer 14

Sexual deviancy is interwoven with morality and moral judgement. Psychiatrists are the moral guardians of sexual behaviour

Question 15

What are the 4 D’s of abnormality?

Answer 15

1. Dysfunction
2. Distress
3. Deviance
4. Dangerousness

Question 16

Explain ‘Dysfunction’

Answer 16

Behaviours, thoughts and feelings that interfere with a person’s ability to function in daily life

Question 17

Explain ‘distress’

Answer 17

Behaviours, thoughts and feelings that cause distress to the individual or to others

Question 18

Explain ‘deviance’

Answer 18

Behaviours, thoughts and feelings are abnormal because others do not experience them or they violate cultural norms

Question 19

Explain ‘dangerousness’

Answer 19

Behaviours, thoughts and feelings that are harmful to the individual or to others

Question 20

DSM-5 definition of paraphilia

Answer 20

Intense/persistent sexual interest that is not focused on genital stimulation or fondling with physically mature and consenting human partners

Question 21

What are the 2 main types of paraphilia according to the DSM-5?

Answer 21

1. Anomalous activity preference

2. Anomalous target preference

Question 22

What are Anomalous Activity Preferences?

Answer 22

1. Courtship disorders

2. Algolagnic disorders

Question 23

What are courtship disorders?

Answer 23

Resemble distorted components of human courtship behaviour e.g. voyeurism, exhibitionism, frotteurism

Question 24

What are algolagnic disorders?

Answer 24

Involve pain and suffering e.g. sadism, masochism, spanking, whipping

Question 25

What are Anomalous Target Preferences?

Answer 25

Target of one’s erotic desires

1. People (children)
2. Objects (animals)

Question 26

What are the 3 specificity clinical distinctions of paraphilia according to Gavin (2014)?

Answer 26

Optional = alternative route to sexual arousal
Preferred = preference for paraphilia but would still engage with conventional
Exclusive = inability to become aroused without paraphilia