Paraphilic Disorders Flashcards
Who were the early pioneers of sexual behaviours?
Dr Masters and Virginia Johnson
Why is there little research on paraphilic disorders?
Taboo; divisive and controversial; political dynamic
Socio cultural factors of sex
- There are universal and variable aspects
2. Sexual attitudes vary greatly across cultures and time
Example of a universal aspect of sexuality
Taboo of sex between relatives
Example of a variable aspect to sexuality
Attitudes towards premarital sex
Example of a sexual attitude that’s changed overtime
Normalisation of S&M
What year was homosexuality decriminalised in England and Wales?
1967
What does Degeneracy Theory (Tissot, 1750s) suggest?
Masculine traits were related to seminal fluids:
loss of semen = loss of masculine characteristics
Name two critiques of Degeneracy Theory
- Based on observation of castrated males
2. Masculine features come from testosterone
What does Abstinence Theory (Graham, 1830s) suggest?
Overindulging caused impure thoughts + masturbation can lead to blindness
What are the 3 main components to Abstinence Theory?
- Healthy food
- Physical fitness
- Sexual abstinence
What did Dr John Kellogg believe about masturbation?
Masturbation was a public health issue and caused insanity
What did Dr John Kellogg encourage as a treatment of masturbation?
Circumcision; sewing foreskin; burning clitoris
What did Schug and Fradella (2015) say about sexual disorders in the DSM?
Sexual deviancy is interwoven with morality and moral judgement. Psychiatrists are the moral guardians of sexual behaviour
What are the 4 D’s of abnormality?
- Dysfunction
- Distress
- Deviance
- Dangerousness
Explain ‘Dysfunction’
Behaviours, thoughts and feelings that interfere with a person’s ability to function in daily life
Explain ‘distress’
Behaviours, thoughts and feelings that cause distress to the individual or to others
Explain ‘deviance’
Behaviours, thoughts and feelings are abnormal because others do not experience them or they violate cultural norms
Explain ‘dangerousness’
Behaviours, thoughts and feelings that are harmful to the individual or to others
DSM-5 definition of paraphilia
Intense/persistent sexual interest that is not focused on genital stimulation or fondling with physically mature and consenting human partners
What are the 2 main types of paraphilia according to the DSM-5?
- Anomalous activity preference
2. Anomalous target preference
What are Anomalous Activity Preferences?
- Courtship disorders
2. Algolagnic disorders
What are courtship disorders?
Resemble distorted components of human courtship behaviour e.g. voyeurism, exhibitionism, frotteurism
What are algolagnic disorders?
Involve pain and suffering e.g. sadism, masochism, spanking, whipping
What are Anomalous Target Preferences?
Target of one’s erotic desires
- People (children)
- Objects (animals)
What are the 3 specificity clinical distinctions of paraphilia according to Gavin (2014)?
Optional = alternative route to sexual arousal Preferred = preference for paraphilia but would still engage with conventional Exclusive = inability to become aroused without paraphilia
