Parameters for pathophysiology

Question 1

Sodium

Answer 1

135 - 146 mmol/L

Question 2

Potassium

Answer 2

3.5 - 5-1 mmol/L

Question 3

Calcium

Answer 3

2.2 - 2.65 mmol/L

Question 4

Phosphate

Answer 4

0.81 - 1.45 mmol/L

Question 5

Chloride

Answer 5

98 - 107 mmol/L

Question 6

Iron

Answer 6

women: 11 - 32 mmol/L
men: 13 - 32 mmol/L

Question 7

Bilirubin total

Answer 7

< 20 µmol/L

Question 8

Bilirubin total

- direct teacting

Answer 8

< 3.4 µmol/L

Question 9

Glucose (fasting)

Answer 9

4.1 - 5.9 mmol/L

Question 10

Uric acid

Answer 10

150 - 400 µmol/L

Question 11

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

Answer 11

3.5 - 7.0 mmol/L

Question 12

Creatinine

Answer 12

40 - 130 µmol/L

Question 13

Cholesterol (total)

Answer 13

2.0 - 5.2 mmol/L

Question 14

HDL - cholesterol

Answer 14

1.0 - 1.6 mmol/L

Question 15

Triglycerides

Answer 15

<1.7 mmol/l

Question 16

Total protein

Answer 16

66 - 83 g/L

Question 17

Albumin

Answer 17

35 - 52 g/L

Question 18

A/G (albumin/globulin ratio)

Answer 18

1.25 - 2.5 g/L

Question 19

CRP (C-reactive protein)

Answer 19

< 8 mg/L

Question 20

Ferritin

Answer 20

Women: 10 - 120 µg/L
Men: 20 - 250 µg/L

Question 21

α-amylase

Answer 21

28 - 100 U/L

Question 22

Lipase

Answer 22

< 67 U/L

Question 23

ALAT (alanine-aminotransferase, GPT)

Answer 23

< 50 U/L

Question 24

ASAT (aspartate-aminotransferase, GOT)

Answer 24

< 50 U/L

Question 25

ALP (alkaline phosphate)

Answer 25

<120 U/L

Question 26

GGT (gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase)

Answer 26

<55 U/L

Question 27

LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)

Answer 27

<170 U/L

Question 28

pH of urine

Answer 28

5 - 8

Question 29

Plasma cortisol

Answer 29

5 - 25 μg/dL

Question 30

Normal TSH levels

Answer 30

0.3 - 0.42 mU/L

Question 31

Hyperglycemia

Answer 31

above 6.5 mmol/L

Question 32

Hyperglycemia

Answer 32

less than 2.5-3 mmol/L

Question 33

HbA1C normal

Answer 33

HbA1C normal: 3-6%
     5% - 5.4 mM
     6% - 7 mM
     7% - 8.6 mM
     8% - 10.2 mM
     9% - 11.8 mM
     10% - 13.4 mM

Question 34

Diabetes mellitus (DM) glucose level

Answer 34

above 11 mmol/L

Question 35

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) level

Answer 35

7.8 - 11 mmol/L

Question 36

Lactic acidosis

Answer 36

Lactate > 5 mmol/L
pH < 7-35
HCO3- < 15 mmol/L

Question 37

Insulin half-life

Answer 37

5-10 min

C-peptide: 30-35 min

Question 38

Normal BMI

Answer 38

18 - 25 kg/m2

Question 39

serum LDL-cholesterol

Answer 39

2 - 3.4 mM

Question 40

ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)

Answer 40

< 20 mm/h

Question 41

Albumin

Answer 41

35 - 50 g/L