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Paramedic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Class)

A

Anticholinergic Agent

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2
Q

Atropine sulfate (Mechanism of Action)

A

Increases heart rate in life-threatening bradydysrhythmias by blocking parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Indications)

A

Hemodynamically unstable bradycardia

Organophosphate poisoning

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4
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Adverse Reactions)

A

Drowsiness, confusion, headache, tachycardia, palpitations

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5
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Dosage)

A

.5mg
Max: 3mg ( .04mg/kg)
@ 3-5 minutes

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6
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Special Considerations)

A
  • Does not affect most high degree blocks 
ie: 2* Type 2 , 3*
  • Doses less than .1mg may cause paradoxical bradycardia
  • Can be used as component of RSI in pediatrics with bradycardia
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7
Q

Benzocaine Spray (Hurricane) (Class)

A

Topical anesthetic

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8
Q

Benzocaine Spray (Hurricane) (Indications)

A

Suppresses pharyngeal and tracheal gag reflex

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9
Q

Benzocaine Spray (Hurricane) (considerations)

A

Topical use only; not for ocular use or injection

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10
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Class)

A

Short-acting Non- barbiturate hypnotic

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11
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Mechanism of Action)

A

acts on reticular activating system

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12
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (indications)

A

Premedication for tracheal intubation or cardioversion

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13
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Adverse Reactions)

A

Apnea of short duration, respiratory depression, hypotension, dysrhythmias

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14
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Dosage)

A 
.2-.6mg/kg
  Common Dose: .3mg/kg
  Onset /Duration:
less than a minute
Last about 5-10 minutes
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15
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Considerations)

A
  • Carefully monitor vital signs.

* Blunts spike of ICP during RSI

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16
Q

Ketamine (Class)

A

Sedative, analgesic, dissociative anesthetic

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17
Q

Ketamine (Indications)

A

Pain Control, Excited delirium, Procedural sedation

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18
Q

Ketamine (Dosage)

A

1-2mg /kg over one to two minutes

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19
Q

Oxygen (Class)

A

Naturally occurring atmospheric gas

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20
Q

Oxygen (considerations)

A
  • Use with caution on COPD patients.

* Titrate for suspected CVA and STEMI patients

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21
Q

Oxytocin (Pitocin) (Class)

A

Hormone (Pituitary)

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22
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) (CLASS)

A

Hypnotic Sedative

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23
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) (INDICATIONS)

A

Anesthesia induction/ maintenance, sedation for mechanically ventilated patients

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24
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Hypovolemia, known sensitivity to peanuts, eggs, soybean

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25
Propofol (Diprivan) (DOSAGE)
* 1.5-3mg/kg IV | * Common dose: 2mg/kg
26
Sodium Bicarbonate (Class)
Alkalizing agent
27
Sodium Bicarbonate (Mechanism of Action)
Buffers metabolic acidosis and lactic acid buildup
28
Sodium Bicarbonate (Indications)
* Metabolic acidosis during cardiac arrest, tricyclic antidepressant and aspirin overdoses * Crush Injuries
29
Sodium Bicarbonate (Dose)
* Initial 1 meq/kg slow IV,IO * Subsequent: .5 meq/kg * Repeat as needed in tricyclic antidepressant overdose until QRS narrows
30
Diazepam (Valium and Others) (CLASS)
Benzodiazepine
31
Diazepam (Valium and Others) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Raises the seizure threshold; induces amnesia and sedation
32
Diazepam (Valium and Others) (INDICATIONS)
Acute anxiety states and agitation, acute alcohol withdrawal
33
Lorazepam (Ativan) (CLASS)
Benzodiazepine
34
Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (CLASS)
Short acting benzodiazepine that has sedative effects
35
Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (INDICATIONS)
* Short term seizure therapy | * Sedation for medical procedures ie: pacing, intubation, cardioversion, seizures
36
Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)
* Alcohol intoxication | * Overdose
37
Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (ADVERSE REACTIONS)
Hypotension
38
Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (DOSE)
* .1mg/kg – 5mg. Max dose 10mg * Seizures: Titrate to effect in 2mg increments * Sedation: Titrate to effect in 2mg increments * Chemical restraint: 5mg IV, IN, IM
39
Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon). (CLASS)
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
40
Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon) (MECHANISM OF ACTIONS)
Binds to receptor and blocks acetylcholine
41
Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon) (INDICATIONS)
Induction or maintenance of paralysis after intubation to assist ventilations
42
Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron) (CLASS)
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
43
Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Produces skeletal muscle paralysis
44
Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron) (INDICATIONS)
Rapid sequence intubation, should be used as post intubation paralysis only/occasional indicated as initial paralytic
45
Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron) (DOSE)
.6mg/kg - 1.2mg/kg Common Dose: .6mg/kg Duration: 45-120 minutes
46
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (CLASS)
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
47
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (MECHANISM OF ACTIONS)
Ultra-short-acting depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant
48
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (INDICATIONS)
Rapid-sequence intubation
49
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)
Must be reasonably confident that patient can be ventilated
50
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (ADVERSE REACTIONS)
Apnea, respiratory depression, bradydysrhythmia, tachydysrhythmia
51
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (DOSAGE)
1-2mg/kg, Common dosage 1.5mg/kg Onset: 1 minute Duration: 5-10 minutes
52
Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (CONSIDERATIONS)
PARALYTICS DO NOT HAVE SEDATIVE PROPERTIES Causes depolarization of muscles, paralysis of respiratory muscles Must be sedated prior to administration Preferred in the prehospital setting due to its short duration of action
53
Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) (CLASS)
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
54
Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Neuromuscular agent that results in neuromuscular blockade
55
Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) (INDICATIONS)
Rapid-sequence intubation
56
Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) (ADVERSE REACTIONS)
Weakness, prolonged neuromuscular block, bronchospasm, apnea
57
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote) (CLASS)
Acetaminophen antidote, mucolytic agent
58
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote) (INDICATIONS)
Acetaminophen overdose, atelectasis, | Tracheostomy care
59
Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (CLASS)
Absorbent/antidote
60
Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Absorbs toxic substances from the gastrointestinal tract
61
Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (INDICATIONS)
Most oral poisonings/ medication overdoses
62
Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)
Oral administration to comatose patients
63
Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (DOSE)
1-2g /kg
64
Amyl Nitrite (CLASS)
Antidote for Cyanide poisoning
65
Amyl Nitrite (INDICATIONS)
Cyanide poisoning
66
Amyl Nitrite (DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION)
1-2 ampules, crushed and inhaled for 30 seconds
67
Flumazenil (Romazicon) (CLASS)
benzodiazepine antagonist/ Antidote
68
Flumazenil (Romazicon) (INDICATIONS)
Reversal of respiratory depression and sedative effects from benzodiazepine
69
Flumazenil (Romazicon) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)
Not to be used in combined overdoses, especially tricyclic overdose(lethal)
70
Flumazenil (Romazicon) (CONSIDERATIONS)
Not recommended in combined drug overdoses | Seizures a real possibility due to withdrawal symptoms
71
Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) (CLASS)
Antidote-for Cyanide poisoning
72
Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) (INDICATIONS)
Treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning
73
Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan) (CLASS)
Opiate antagonist
74
Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan) INDICATIONS)
Reverses respiratory depression secondary to opiate drugs
75
Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan) (DOSE)
.4mg-2 mg, Max: 10mg 2mg intranasally Titrate to effect
76
Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan) (CONCERNS)
May cause withdrawal symptoms Opiate half life is longer than Narcan Use only enough medication to reverse vital sign depression
77
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) (CLASS)
Antidote- Organophosphates
78
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Acts as an antidote to organophosphate and pesticide poisonings
79
Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) (INDICATIONS)
As an antidote in the treatment of poisoning
80
Sodium Nitrate (CLASS)
Antidote, Cyanide poisoning adjunct
81
Sodium Thiosulfate (CLASS)
Antidote (cyanide)
82
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (CLASS)
Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
83
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Beta II selective | Results in smooth-muscle relaxation in 
the bronchial tree
84
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (INDICATIONS)
Treatment of bronchospasm in 
patients with COPD/asthma, allergic reactions
85
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (DOSE)
2.5mg | Repeat as Needed
86
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (CONSIDERATIONS)
May precipitate angina pectoris and tachy dysrhythmias | Effects may be diminished with beta blockers
87
Ipratropium (Atrovent) (CLASS)
Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator
88
Ipratropium (Atrovent) (INDICATIONS)
Persistent bronchospasm, COPD exacerbation
89
Ipratropium (Atrovent) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)
Hypersensitivity to ipratropium, atropine, alkaloids, peanuts
90
Ipratropium (Atrovent) (DOSE)
250-500mcg, nebulized every 20 min. Max 3 treatments
91
Levalbuterol (Xopenex) (CLASS)
Sympathomimetic Bronchodilator
92
Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent) (CLASS)
Bronchodialator
93
Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Acts directly on bronchial smooth muscle causing relaxation
94
Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent) (INDICATION)
Bronchial asthma, COPD
95
Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine) (CLASS)
Bronchodilator
96
Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Relaxation of bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature with minimal cardiac effects
97
Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine) (INDICATIONS)
Bronchial asthma, bronchospasm associated with exercise
98
Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine) (DOSE)
.25mg S.C.
99
Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (CLASS)
Sympathomimetic
100
Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Positive inotropic, chronotropic and dromotropic effects Vasoconstriction Blocks histamine receptors
101
Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (INDICATION)
Anaphylaxis/Asthma
102
Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (RELATIVE CONTRAINDICAITONS)
Hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, Myocardial ischemia, Cardiac disease
103
Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (ADVERSE REACTIONS)
Nervousness, restlessness, headache, tremor
104
Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (DOSE)
1: 1000 Adult .3mg-.5mg (SC/IM) 1: 10000 1mg q(EVERY) 3-5min
105
Isoetharine (Bronchosol, Bronkometer) (CLASS)
Sympathomimetic
106
Norepinephrine Bitartrate (Levophed) (CLASS)
Sympathomimetic Vasopressor
107
Norepinephrine Bitartrate (Levophed) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Potent alpha-agonist resulting in intense peripheral vasoconstriction
108
Norepinephrine Bitartrate (Levophed) (INDICATIONS)
Cardiogenic shock, unresponsive to fluid resuscitation
109
Epinephrine Racemic (Micronefrin) (CLASS)
Sympathomimetic
110
Epinephrine Racemic (Micronefrin) (INDICATIONS)
Bronchial asthma, prevention of bronchospasm, croup
111
Oxymetazoline (Zicam) (CLASS)
Vasoconstrictor
112
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) (CLASS)
Vasopressor (Adrenergic, Alpha agonist)
113
Vasopressin (Pitressin) (CLASS)
Vasopressor
114
Vasopressin (Pitressin) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
Stimulation of smooth muscle receptors | ADH
115
Vasopressin (Pitressin) (INDICATIONS)
**Can be used to replace Epi in cardiac arrest**,Vasodilatory shock

Paramedic drugs (1 decks)

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