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Paramedic Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Class)

A

Anticholinergic Agent

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2
Q

Atropine sulfate (Mechanism of Action)

A

Increases heart rate in life-threatening bradydysrhythmias by blocking parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Indications)

A

Hemodynamically unstable bradycardia

Organophosphate poisoning

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4
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Adverse Reactions)

A

Drowsiness, confusion, headache, tachycardia, palpitations

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5
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Dosage)

A

.5mg
Max: 3mg ( .04mg/kg)
@ 3-5 minutes

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6
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Special Considerations)

A
  • Does not affect most high degree blocks 
ie: 2* Type 2 , 3*
  • Doses less than .1mg may cause paradoxical bradycardia
  • Can be used as component of RSI in pediatrics with bradycardia
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7
Q

Benzocaine Spray (Hurricane) (Class)

A

Topical anesthetic

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8
Q

Benzocaine Spray (Hurricane) (Indications)

A

Suppresses pharyngeal and tracheal gag reflex

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9
Q

Benzocaine Spray (Hurricane) (considerations)

A

Topical use only; not for ocular use or injection

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10
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Class)

A

Short-acting Non- barbiturate hypnotic

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11
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Mechanism of Action)

A

acts on reticular activating system

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12
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (indications)

A

Premedication for tracheal intubation or cardioversion

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13
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Adverse Reactions)

A

Apnea of short duration, respiratory depression, hypotension, dysrhythmias

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14
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Dosage)

A 
.2-.6mg/kg
  Common Dose: .3mg/kg
  Onset /Duration:
less than a minute
Last about 5-10 minutes
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15
Q

Etomidate (Amidate) (Considerations)

A
  • Carefully monitor vital signs.

* Blunts spike of ICP during RSI

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16
Q

Ketamine (Class)

A

Sedative, analgesic, dissociative anesthetic

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17
Q

Ketamine (Indications)

A

Pain Control, Excited delirium, Procedural sedation

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18
Q

Ketamine (Dosage)

A

1-2mg /kg over one to two minutes

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19
Q

Oxygen (Class)

A

Naturally occurring atmospheric gas

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20
Q

Oxygen (considerations)

A
  • Use with caution on COPD patients.

* Titrate for suspected CVA and STEMI patients

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21
Q

Oxytocin (Pitocin) (Class)

A

Hormone (Pituitary)

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22
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) (CLASS)

A

Hypnotic Sedative

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23
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) (INDICATIONS)

A

Anesthesia induction/ maintenance, sedation for mechanically ventilated patients

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24
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Hypovolemia, known sensitivity to peanuts, eggs, soybean

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25
Q

Propofol (Diprivan) (DOSAGE)

A
  • 1.5-3mg/kg IV

* Common dose: 2mg/kg

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26
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate (Class)

A

Alkalizing agent

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27
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate (Mechanism of Action)

A

Buffers metabolic acidosis and lactic acid buildup

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28
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate (Indications)

A
  • Metabolic acidosis during cardiac arrest, tricyclic antidepressant and aspirin overdoses
  • Crush Injuries
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29
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate (Dose)

A
  • Initial 1 meq/kg slow IV,IO
  • Subsequent: .5 meq/kg
  • Repeat as needed in tricyclic antidepressant overdose until QRS narrows
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30
Q

Diazepam (Valium and Others) (CLASS)

A

Benzodiazepine

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31
Q

Diazepam (Valium and Others) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Raises the seizure threshold; induces amnesia and sedation

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32
Q

Diazepam (Valium and Others) (INDICATIONS)

A

Acute anxiety states and agitation, acute alcohol withdrawal

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33
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan) (CLASS)

A

Benzodiazepine

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34
Q

Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (CLASS)

A

Short acting benzodiazepine that has sedative effects

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35
Q

Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (INDICATIONS)

A
  • Short term seizure therapy

* Sedation for medical procedures ie: pacing, intubation, cardioversion, seizures

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36
Q

Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A
  • Alcohol intoxication

* Overdose

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37
Q

Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (ADVERSE REACTIONS)

A

Hypotension

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38
Q

Midazolam Hydrochloride (Versed) (DOSE)

A
  • .1mg/kg – 5mg. Max dose 10mg
  • Seizures: Titrate to effect in 2mg increments
  • Sedation: Titrate to effect in 2mg increments
  • Chemical restraint: 5mg IV, IN, IM
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39
Q

Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon). (CLASS)

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

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40
Q

Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon) (MECHANISM OF ACTIONS)

A

Binds to receptor and blocks acetylcholine

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41
Q

Pancuronium Bromide (Pavulon) (INDICATIONS)

A

Induction or maintenance of paralysis after intubation to assist ventilations

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42
Q

Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron) (CLASS)

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

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43
Q

Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Produces skeletal muscle paralysis

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44
Q

Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron) (INDICATIONS)

A

Rapid sequence intubation, should be used as post intubation paralysis only/occasional indicated as initial paralytic

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45
Q

Rocuronium Bromide (Zemuron) (DOSE)

A

.6mg/kg - 1.2mg/kg
Common Dose: .6mg/kg
Duration: 45-120 minutes

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46
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (CLASS)

A

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

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47
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (MECHANISM OF ACTIONS)

A

Ultra-short-acting depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant

48
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (INDICATIONS)

A

Rapid-sequence intubation

49
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Must be reasonably confident that patient can be ventilated

50
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (ADVERSE REACTIONS)

A

Apnea, respiratory depression, bradydysrhythmia, tachydysrhythmia

51
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (DOSAGE)

A

1-2mg/kg, Common dosage 1.5mg/kg
Onset: 1 minute
Duration: 5-10 minutes

52
Q

Succinylcholine Chloride (Anectine) (CONSIDERATIONS)

A

PARALYTICS DO NOT HAVE SEDATIVE PROPERTIES
Causes depolarization of muscles, paralysis of respiratory muscles
Must be sedated prior to administration
Preferred in the prehospital setting due to its short duration of action

53
Q

Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) (CLASS)

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

54
Q

Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Neuromuscular agent that results in neuromuscular blockade

55
Q

Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) (INDICATIONS)

A

Rapid-sequence intubation

56
Q

Vecuronium Bromide (Norcuron) (ADVERSE REACTIONS)

A

Weakness, prolonged neuromuscular block, bronchospasm, apnea

57
Q

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote) (CLASS)

A

Acetaminophen antidote, mucolytic agent

58
Q

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote) (INDICATIONS)

A

Acetaminophen overdose, atelectasis,

Tracheostomy care

59
Q

Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (CLASS)

A

Absorbent/antidote

60
Q

Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Absorbs toxic substances from the gastrointestinal tract

61
Q

Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (INDICATIONS)

A

Most oral poisonings/ medication overdoses

62
Q

Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Oral administration to comatose patients

63
Q

Activated Charcoal (EZ-Char, Actidose, Liqui-Char) (DOSE)

A

1-2g /kg

64
Q

Amyl Nitrite (CLASS)

A

Antidote for Cyanide poisoning

65
Q

Amyl Nitrite (INDICATIONS)

A

Cyanide poisoning

66
Q

Amyl Nitrite (DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION)

A

1-2 ampules, crushed and inhaled for 30 seconds

67
Q

Flumazenil (Romazicon) (CLASS)

A

benzodiazepine antagonist/ Antidote

68
Q

Flumazenil (Romazicon) (INDICATIONS)

A

Reversal of respiratory depression and sedative effects from benzodiazepine

69
Q

Flumazenil (Romazicon) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Not to be used in combined overdoses, especially tricyclic overdose(lethal)

70
Q

Flumazenil (Romazicon) (CONSIDERATIONS)

A

Not recommended in combined drug overdoses

Seizures a real possibility due to withdrawal symptoms

71
Q

Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) (CLASS)

A

Antidote-for Cyanide poisoning

72
Q

Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) (INDICATIONS)

A

Treatment of known or suspected cyanide poisoning

73
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan) (CLASS)

A

Opiate antagonist

74
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan) INDICATIONS)

A

Reverses respiratory depression secondary to opiate drugs

75
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan) (DOSE)

A

.4mg-2 mg, Max: 10mg
2mg intranasally
Titrate to effect

76
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride (Narcan) (CONCERNS)

A

May cause withdrawal symptoms
Opiate half life is longer than Narcan
Use only enough medication to reverse vital sign depression

77
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) (CLASS)

A

Antidote- Organophosphates

78
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Acts as an antidote to organophosphate and pesticide poisonings

79
Q

Pralidoxime (2-PAM, Protopam) (INDICATIONS)

A

As an antidote in the treatment of poisoning

80
Q

Sodium Nitrate (CLASS)

A

Antidote, Cyanide poisoning adjunct

81
Q

Sodium Thiosulfate (CLASS)

A

Antidote (cyanide)

82
Q

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (CLASS)

A

Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator

83
Q

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Beta II selective

Results in smooth-muscle relaxation in 
the bronchial tree

84
Q

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (INDICATIONS)

A

Treatment of bronchospasm in 
patients with COPD/asthma, allergic reactions

85
Q

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (DOSE)

A

2.5mg

Repeat as Needed

86
Q

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) (CONSIDERATIONS)

A

May precipitate angina pectoris and tachy dysrhythmias

Effects may be diminished with beta blockers

87
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent) (CLASS)

A

Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator

88
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent) (INDICATIONS)

A

Persistent bronchospasm, COPD exacerbation

89
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent) (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Hypersensitivity to ipratropium, atropine, alkaloids, peanuts

90
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent) (DOSE)

A

250-500mcg, nebulized every 20 min. Max 3 treatments

91
Q

Levalbuterol (Xopenex) (CLASS)

A

Sympathomimetic Bronchodilator

92
Q

Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent) (CLASS)

A

Bronchodialator

93
Q

Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Acts directly on bronchial smooth muscle causing relaxation

94
Q

Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent) (INDICATION)

A

Bronchial asthma, COPD

95
Q

Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine) (CLASS)

A

Bronchodilator

96
Q

Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Relaxation of bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature with minimal cardiac effects

97
Q

Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine) (INDICATIONS)

A

Bronchial asthma, bronchospasm associated with exercise

98
Q

Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine) (DOSE)

A

.25mg S.C.

99
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (CLASS)

A

Sympathomimetic

100
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Positive inotropic, chronotropic and dromotropic effects
Vasoconstriction
Blocks histamine receptors

101
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (INDICATION)

A

Anaphylaxis/Asthma

102
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (RELATIVE CONTRAINDICAITONS)

A

Hypertension, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, Myocardial ischemia, Cardiac disease

103
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (ADVERSE REACTIONS)

A

Nervousness, restlessness, headache, tremor

104
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) (DOSE)

A

1: 1000 Adult .3mg-.5mg (SC/IM)
1: 10000 1mg q(EVERY) 3-5min

105
Q

Isoetharine (Bronchosol, Bronkometer) (CLASS)

A

Sympathomimetic

106
Q

Norepinephrine Bitartrate (Levophed) (CLASS)

A

Sympathomimetic Vasopressor

107
Q

Norepinephrine Bitartrate (Levophed) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Potent alpha-agonist resulting in intense peripheral vasoconstriction

108
Q

Norepinephrine Bitartrate (Levophed) (INDICATIONS)

A

Cardiogenic shock, unresponsive to fluid resuscitation

109
Q

Epinephrine Racemic (Micronefrin) (CLASS)

A

Sympathomimetic

110
Q

Epinephrine Racemic (Micronefrin) (INDICATIONS)

A

Bronchial asthma, prevention of bronchospasm, croup

111
Q

Oxymetazoline (Zicam) (CLASS)

A

Vasoconstrictor

112
Q

Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) (CLASS)

A

Vasopressor (Adrenergic, Alpha agonist)

113
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin) (CLASS)

A

Vasopressor

114
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin) (MECHANISM OF ACTION)

A

Stimulation of smooth muscle receptors

ADH

115
Q

Vasopressin (Pitressin) (INDICATIONS)

A

Can be used to replace Epi in cardiac arrest,Vasodilatory shock

Paramedic drugs (1 decks)

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