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Paramedic Medications > Paramedic class MOD 1 Medications > Flashcards

Paramedic class MOD 1 Medications Flashcards

1
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

classification?

A

Beta 2 agonist
Sympathomimetic Bronchodilator

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2
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

Generic name and brand name?

A

Generic name = Albuterol Sulfate
Brand name = Proventil, Ventolin

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3
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

Mechanism of Action?

A

-Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta 2 receptors resulting in bronchodilation and decreased airway resistance

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4
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

What are the Pharmacokinetics ( how meds are absorbed and transported throughout the body) ?

A
  • Onset of action within 5 to 15 minutes after inhalation, usually prompt improvement
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5
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

What are the indications?

A
  • Bronchial asthma
    -COPD/Emphaysema/Chronic Bronchitis
    -Bronchospam due to anaphylaxis, burns, toxic inhalation
  • crush syndrome ( greater than 4 hours )
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6
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

What are the contraindications?

A

-Known hypersensitivity
-Tachydysrhythmias

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7
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

What are the adverse effects?

A

-Tachycardia
-Tremors
-Anxiety
-Palpitations
-Dysrhythmias
-Dry mouth
-Throat irritation

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8
Q

Albuterol Sulfate

What are the precautions?

A
  • My cause dysrhythmias
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9
Q

Ipratropium bromide

What is the generic name and brand name?

A

Generica name = Ipratropium bromide

Brand name = Atrovent

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10
Q

Ipratropium bromide

What is the classification?

A
  • Anticholinergic

-Bronchodilator

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11
Q

Ipratropium bromide

What is the mechanism of action?

A

-Inhibits interaction of acetylcholine at receptor sites on bronchial smooth muscle

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12
Q

Ipratropium bromide ( Atrovent )

What are the indications?

A

-Bronchial Asthma
-COPD/Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis
-Anaphylaxis
-Burns
-Toxic Inhalations

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13
Q

Ipratropium bromide ( Atrovent )

What are the contraindications?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity to ipratropium bromide and/ or atropine
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14
Q

Ipratropium bromide ( Atrovent )

What are the adverse effects?

A

-tachycardia
-Nausea and vomiting
-headache
-blurred vision

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15
Q

Ipratropium bromide ( Atrovent )

What is the dosage for Adults?

A
  • 0.5mg via nebulizer
    -administer as DuoNeb with 2.5mg albuterol
    -no repeat dose for atrovent
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16
Q

Ipratropium bromide ( Atrovent )

What is the dosage for Pediatric OVER 2 years old or over 20kg?

A
  • 0.5 mg via nebulizer with 2.5mg Albuterol
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17
Q

Ipratropium bromide ( Atrovent )

What is the dosage for Pediatric UNDER 2 years old or under 20kg?

A

-0.25 mg via nebulizer with 1.25mg Albuterol

  • no repeat dose for atrovent
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18
Q

Ipratropium bromide ( Atrovent )

Pearls for Atrovent

A
  • confusion exists concerning patients with soy and peanut allergies being contraindications for atrovent. Soy lecithin is the catalyst for the contraindication in these patients, however, this ingredient is typically not found in nebulized atrovent .
    .
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19
Q

Albuterol Sulfate ( Proventil, Ventolin )

Whats is the dosage for adult?

A
  • 2.5 - 5mg via handheld nebulizer
  • can be administered as DuoNeb with 0.5mg Atrovent
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20
Q

Albuterol Sulfate ( Proventil, Ventolin )

What is the dosage for pediatric OVER 2 years old or >20kg ?

A
  • 2.5mg via handheld nebulizer
  • can be administered as DuoNeb with 0.5mg Atrovent
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21
Q

Albuterol Sulfate ( Proventil, Ventolin )

What is the dosage for Pediatric UNDER 2 years old or < 20kg ?

A
  • 1.25 mg via handheld nebulizer
  • can be administered as DuoNeb with 0.25mg Atrovent
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22
Q

Albuterol Sulfate ( Proventil, Ventolin )

Pearls:

A
  • 1st does administered in conjuction with atrovent. Subsequent doses are albuterol only
  • 6-8 LPM Oxygen necessary to activate nebulizer medications

-Medication chamber must remain upright for effective delivery

  • Nebuizers can be adapted to accomadate a mask or for use during BVM and/or ET intubation administration
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23
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

What is the classification?

A
  • Electrolyte
    -Antidysrhythmic
    -Anticonvulsant
    -CNS Depressant
  • Smooth muscle relaxant
24
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

What is the mechanism of action?

A

-As an antidysrhythmic , magnesium sulfate is a physiological calicum channel blocker that reduces SA node impulse formation and prolongs conduction time in the myocardium

-As an anticonvulsant, Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction

25
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

What are the indications?

A
  • Preeclampsia / Eclampsia
  • Torsades des pointes
  • Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation
  • Pulseless Ventricular Tachycardia with suspected hypomagnesemia
  • Status Asthmaticus
26
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

What are the contraindications?

A
  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • Impaired renal function ( i.e. to include dialysis patients )
27
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

What is the dosage for Status Asthmaticus ?

A
  • 1-2 g in 50ml normal saline / D5W IV over 5-10 minutes
28
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

Pearls:

A
  • Torsades de Pointes may require doses of 5-9 g of Magnesium Sulfate

-As a smooth muscle relaxant, Magnesium Sulfate is an effective second line intervention for refractory asthma

-If eclamptic seizures are refractory to Magnesium Sulfate, proceed to Benzodiazepine medication

29
Q

Methylprednisolone ( solu-medrol )

What is the generic and brand name?

A

Generic name = Methylprednisolone

Brand name = Solu-Medrol

30
Q

Methylprednisolone ( solu-medrol )

What is the classifcation?

A
  • corticosteroid
  • anti-inflammatory
  • Suppresses immune respone ( especially in allergi reactions )
31
Q

Methylprednisolone ( solu-medrol )

What is the mechanism of action?

A
  • Enters target cell and causes many complex reactions that are responsible for its anti-flammatory and immunosuppressive effects

-Thoughts to stabilize celluar and intracelluar membranes

  • Onset of action is within 1-6 hours
32
Q

Methylprednisolone ( solu-medrol )

What are the indications?

A
  • Allergic reaction
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Asthma
  • COPD
33
Q

Methylprednisolone ( solu-medrol )

What are the contraindications?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity
  • Premature infant ( act-O-viral contains benzyl alcohol-fatal to premature infants)
  • Systemic fungal infection
34
Q

Methylprednisolone ( solu-medrol )

What are the adverse effects?

A
  • None from a single dose
35
Q

Methylprednisolone ( solu-medrol )

What is the dosage for Adult?

A
  • 125 mg slow IV/IO/IM
36
Q

Methylprednisolone ( solu-medrol )

What is the dosage for Pediatric ?

A
  • 2 mg/kg slow IV/IO/IM ( max dose 125mg )
37
Q

Methylprednisolone ( solu-medrol )

Pearls:

A
  • IM injection must be given in large muscle mass due to associated pain
38
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

What is the generic and brand name?

A

Generic name = Naloxone

Brand name = Narcan

39
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

What is the classification?

A
  • Narcotic Antagonist ( opiods )
40
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

What is the mechanism of action?

A
  • Reverses all effects due to opiod ( morphine-like) agents. This drug will reverse the respiratory depression and all central and periperal nervous system effects.
41
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

What is the pharmacokinetics ( the study of the bodily absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs ) ?

A
  • Onset of action is within a few minuter if administered IV
  • Intramuscular and endotracheal administration results in a slower onset of action
  • Patients responding to naloxone may require additional doses and transportation to the hospital since most opiods last longer than naloxone
42
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

What are the indications?

A
  • To reverse respiratory and central nervous system depression induced by opiates
43
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

What are the contraindications ?

A
  • Newborns/Neonates of addicated mothers. Usage may cause seizures due to abrupt withdrawl
44
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

What are the adverse effects?

A

Not clinically significant

45
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

What is the Adult dosage?

A
  • 0.4 - 2.0 mg IV/IO/IM or 2 mg/2ml IN ; repeat as necessary to maintain respiratory activity
46
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

What is the Pediatric Dosage?

A
  • 0.1 mg/kg IVP/IO/IM/IN, up to maximum initial dose of 2mg ;

maxium total dose of 0.5 mg/kg ; may be repeated as necessary to maintain respiratory activity

47
Q

Naloxone ( Narcan )

Pearls:

A
  • Naloxone ( Narcan ) may induce opiate withdrawl in patients who are physically dependent
  • certain drugs may require much higher doses of Naloxone ( Narcan ) for reversal than are currently used
  • Should be administered and titrated so respiratory efforts return but not intended to restore full consciousness
48
Q

Ondansetron Hydrochloride ( Zofran )

What is the generic and brand name?

A

Generic name = Ondansetron Hydrochloride

Brand name = Zofran

49
Q

Ondansetron Hydrochloride ( Zofran )

What is the classification?

A
  • Anti - emetic
50
Q

Ondansetron Hydrochloride ( Zofran )

What is the mechanism of action?

A
  • The mechanism of action has not been fully understood, but it is a selevtice 5-HT3 serotonin receptor antagonist
51
Q

Ondansetron Hydrochloride ( Zofran )

What are the indications?

A
  • Control and prevenntion of nausea and vomiting
52
Q

Ondansetron Hydrochloride ( Zofran )

What are the contraindications?

A
  • Known hypersensitivity
  • Prolonged QT syndrome
53
Q

Ondansetron Hydrochloride ( Zofran )

What are the adverse effects?

A
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms
  • Headaches, fever, blurred vision
  • Chest pain ( rarely) and EKG changes
54
Q

Ondansetron Hydrochloride ( Zofran )

what is the dosage for adult?

A
  • 4mg undiluted slow IV
  • 4 mg ODT tablet dissolved in mouth
55
Q

Ondansetron Hydrochloride ( Zofran )

What is the dosage for Pediatric?

A
  • 0.1 mg/kg undiluted slow IV; Maxium dose 4mg

-for patients greater than 2 years of age, 4mg ODT tablet dissolved in mouth

  • For patients less than 2 years of age, 2mg ODT tablet dissolved in mouth ( for 2mg dose cut 4mg ODT tablet in half )

Paramedic Medications (1 decks)

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