Parallelism Flashcards
Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate the amount of energy used by equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that used by unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters.
A. equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate that
B. equipment, such as lights, that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
C. equipment, such as lights, that is visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
D. visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that
E. visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate it when
Parallelism in this plays a role in the non underlined portion
Visible equipment parallel to Unobtrusive equipment
Ans =D
E has pronoun “It” issue and when is wrong
I took 3 minutes to do this question as it took me a while to understand the statement specially the last part (timber frame, incorporates, is flexible)
Chinese public buildings erected under a construction code of the Sung dynasty have withstood earthquakes well because the white cedar used has four times the tensile strength of steel and the timber frame, incorporating many joints and few nails, is flexible.
A. used has four times the tensile strength of steel and the timber frame, incorporating
B. used in them has four times the tensile strength of steel has and the timber frame, incorporating
C. that was used in them has four times the tensile strength steel has, and the timber frame, incorporating
D. that was used has four times as much tensile strength as steel, and the timber frame incorporates
E. that was used has four times the tensile strength steel does, and the timber frame incorporates
Ans = A
The comma in c, d and e is interesting
Many states, in search of industries that are clean, fast-growing, and pay good wages to skilled workers, are trying to attract high-technology industries. A. clean, fast-growing, and pay B. clean, grow fast, and that pay C. clean and fast-growing and that pay D. clean and grow fast, paying E. clean, fast-growing, and paying
I could not understand how paying was not noun
ans = c
(E) Incorrect. The adjectives “ clean” and “fast-growing” are not parallel to the verb “paying” (“paying” is a verb here since it attaches with “are”, which is common to all the three elements).
The newspaper story accurately recounted the history of the colonial mansion, that it contained thirteen rooms, and that it had a reputation for being a haunted house.
A. mansion, that it contained thirteen rooms, and that it had a reputation for being a haunted house
B. mansion, that it contained thirteen rooms, and that it had a reputation of being haunted
C. mansion, that the mansion contained thirteen rooms, and said that it had a reputation for being haunted
D. mansion, said that it contained thirteen rooms and had a reputation for being a haunted house
E. mansion and said that the mansion contained thirteen rooms and had the reputation of being haunted
Ans = E
The health commissioner said that the government had implemented strict measures to eradicate the contaminated food and, despite the recent illnesses, it will try to prevent the outbreak from recurring in the future.
(A) it will try
(B) that it tried
(C) it had tried
(D) it would have tried
(E) that it would try
Ans = E
BUT, in practice, “that” clauses are big bulky things, and for clarity of the sentence, most sophisticated writers, including the folks at GMAC, always repeat the second “that” for overall clarity. Even though, by the rules of Parallelism, we don’t have to repeat the “that,” in practice the GMAT always does, so for GMAT purposes, essentially it is a rule that we need to repeat the word “that.”
Because there is not a linguistic census in France, as there is for Britain, there is difficulty in estimating the number of speakers of Brento, a Celtic language.
(A) Because there is not a linguistic census in France, as there is for Britain, there is difficulty in estimating
(B) Because there is no linguistic census in France, unlike Britain, it is difficult to estimate
(C) Unlike Britain, there is no linguistic census in France, and that fact makes for difficulty in estimating
(D) There is not a linguistic census in France, as there is for Britain, a fact making for difficulty in the estimation of
(E) There is no linguistic census in France, as there is in Britain, a fact that makes it difficult to estimate
The sentence suggests that because France, unlike Britain, has no linguistic census, it is difficult to estimate how many people in France speak Breton.
Correct. This choice uses the parallel in France and in Britain and correctly uses the comparison structure there is no X as there is Y.
Many states, in search of industries that are clean, fast-growing, and pay good wages to skilled workers, are trying to attract high-technology industries.
(A) clean, fast-growing, and pay (B) clean, grow fast, and that pay (C) clean and fast-growing and that pay (D) clean and grow fast, paying (E) clean, fast-growing, and paying
Ans = C
The sentence lists three characteristics of the industries that many states most desire to attract. The answer choices each provide ways to conjoin these characteristics within the sentence.
Normally, a series of three nouns or adjectives would have a comma following each one, with and preceding the third. Note that this method requires adequate parallelism among the three items.
As written, the third of these characteristics is conveyed by a verb form, either pay or paying. However, the first of the three items is the adjective clean, which is of course not parallel with the verb pay.
The adjective clean is not parallel with the verb form paying.
Correct. Both clean and fast-growing are adjectives and are therefore parallel; they can correctly be conjoined by and. This choice creates a sentence with the relative clause that pay … workers. Notice that the sentence has another relative clause that are clean and fast-growing. This relative clause parallels the other one. Using and to conjoin these two clauses, each modifying industries, is logical and correct.
https://gmatclub.com/forum/many-states-in-search-of-industries-that-are-clean-fast-growing-and-305883.html
Fossils of a whale that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have been recovered by paleontologists.
A. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and was subsequently butchered by hominids have
B. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then was subsequently butchered by hominids has
C. that beached on an African shore more than a million years ago, which was subsequently butchered by hominids, has
D. having been beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and subsequently butchered by hominids, have
E. having beached on an African shore more than a million years ago and then subsequently were butchered by hominids have
Ans = A
Why D is wrong , look at comma
Although the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its sales at restaurants open for more than a year have declined.
A) the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically
B) the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales increased dramatically, its
C) many new restaurants have recently been opened across the country and its sales increased dramatically, the restaurant company’s
d) having recently added many new restaurants across the country and with its sales increasing dramatically, the restaurant company’s
e) recently adding many new restaurants across the country and having its sales increase dramatically, the restaurant company’s
aNS = A
Parallelism wrong in B
(b) contains bad parallelism. since you’re talking about two trends that have taken place simultaneously, you MUST use the same verb tense to describe those trends.
in (b), the first verb (has … added) is in the present perfect, but the second (increased) is in the simple past. i don’t care whether you actually know what these tenses are called, provided that you can recognize that they are different.
the parallelism in (a) is perfect: both verbs (has … added and have … increased) are presented in the same tense.
in this case, you don’t even have to worry about minutiae such as the “having”.
these choices are both wrong for one of the most common (and therefore important) reasons you’ll encounter: the initial modifier modifies the wrong noun.
The single-family house constructed by the Yana, a Native American people who lived in what is now northern California, was conical in shape, its framework of poles overlaid with slabs of bark, either cedar or pine, and banked with dirt to a height of three to four feet.
(A) banked with dirt to a height of
(B) banked with dirt as high as that of
(C) banked them with dirt to a height of
(D) was banked with dirt as high as
(E) was banked with dirt as high as that of
Ans = A
Based on records from ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woolen robe that they used to dress a statue of the goddess Athena and that this robe depicted scenes of a battle between Zeus, Athena’s father, and giants.
(A) Based on records from ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woolen robe that they used to dress
(B) Based on records from ancient Athens, young Athenian women had collaborated to weave a new woolen robe with which to dress
(C) According to records from ancient Athens, each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woolen robe that they used to dress
(D) Records from ancient Athens indicate that each year young Athenian women collaborated to weave a new woolen robe with which they dressed
(E) Records from ancient Athens indicate each year young Athenian women had collaborated to weave a new woolen robe for dressing
ANS = D
