Parallel Processing

Question 1

The two most ventral layers of the LGN consists of ____ cells. The four dorsal regions consist of _____cells.

Answer 1

magno; parvo

Question 2

____ detectors have evolved to detect particular facets of the visual world.

Answer 2

Feature

Question 3

The linear cells refer to ___cells, the non linear cells refer to _____cells. For ___ cells a null position is not found

Answer 3

x; y; y

Question 4

Magno neurons have no color opponency. Their temporal responsiveness is _____. Their temporal sensitivity is _____ frequency. Their speed of transmission is ____ than parvo neurons. Their spatial linearity is ____ linear. Their spatial sensitivity is ___ frequency. They have a ____ response to contrast. Their cortical projection is at ____

Answer 4

transient; high; faster; fairly; low; stronger; 4calpha

Question 5

Parvo neurons are color opponent. Their temporal responsiveness is ____. Their temporal sensitivity is ____ frequency. Their speed of transmission is slower than magno neurons. They have linear spatial linearity. Their spatial sensitivity is ____ frequency. They have a weaker response to contrast and their cortical projection is at ____

Answer 5

sustained; low; high; 4cbeta

Question 6

A red/green color opponent parvo cell is inhibited by shorter wavelengths and excited by longer wavelengths. Whereas, a konio cell is excited by a _____ wavelength

Answer 6

short

Question 7

Where does parallel processing occur

Answer 7

along the ventral and dorsal processing streams.

Question 8

_______ gratings are composed of bars all of the same luminance, and are used to isolate the ____ system.

Answer 8

Isoluminant; parvo

Question 9

Dyslexia is involved in the ____ pathway

Answer 9

magnocellular

Question 10

What are areas of Brodman’s areas

Answer 10

1, 3, 4, 7, and 35

Question 11

what does null point refer to

Answer 11

place where there is equal on and off responses across the receptive field. This is for X cells only

Question 12

On ganglion cells are more selective for ____ wavelength light

Answer 12

shorter

Question 13

Off ganglion cells are more selective for ____ wavelength light

Answer 13

longer

Question 14

Rod signals develop ____ than cone signals, therefore thy are delayed.

Answer 14

slower

Question 15

Melanopsin containing ganglion cells generate ____ ___ through connection to SCN

Answer 15

circadian rhythm.

Question 16

What is the pathway for melanopsin containing ganglion cells

Answer 16

MCGC –> retrinothalamic tract –> suprachiasmatic nucleus of thalamus –> melatonin release

Question 17

Optomotor eye movements requires fixation and reflex where attention decisions have to be made and is governed by the _____ nervous system

Answer 17

autonomic

Question 18

In terms of generating smooth pursuit and saccades ____ and ___ are most critical

Answer 18

Frontal eye fields; medial superior temporal area

Question 19

Which cranial nerves are most important in generating smooth pursuit

Answer 19

3 and 6

Question 20

Describe the pathway for smooth eye pursuit movement

Answer 20

1. Eyes pursue target
2. contralateral eye sends info to LGN
3. Goes to area 17
4. Goes to MT
5. goes to MST which communicates back and forth with FEF and NOT and the ponti nuclei which gets direction from ipsilateral eye
6. Then gives feedback back to MST
7. All info goes back to cerebellum

Question 21

Parallel pathway goes through

Answer 21

NOT

Question 22

Optokinetic Nystagmus refers to a moving grating which consists of a ____movment followed by a fast response

Answer 22

slow (smooth pursuit); fast response is the saccade

Question 23

The user part of the visual cortex is represented by the ____

Answer 23

fovea