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Microbiology Kap > Paraites > Flashcards

Paraites Flashcards

1
Q

type of host which larval or asexual stages develop

A

Intermediate

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2
Q

type of host where adult or sexual stages occur

A

Defintive

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3
Q

diease and species:

Protozoan

Dysentery with inverted flask shaped lesions in large intestines with extension to peritneum and liver, lungs, brain and heart.

Blood and pus in stools, Liver abscesses

A

Disease = Amebiasis

Species = Entameoeba Histlytica

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4
Q

Oranisim that causes

Fatty, foul smelling diarrhea from mal-absorption

“falling leaf” motilitly

“untreated stream water”

A

Giardia lamblia : Giardiasis “Beaver Fever”

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5
Q

One of the MC cuases of Diarrhea in AIDS pts

Transient Diarrhea in healthy pts

not killed by Chlorine

Acid Fast oocytes in stool

biopsy shows dots (cysts) in intestinal glands

A

Cryptosporoidium

Cryptosporidiosis

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6
Q

Bug and Treatment?

“Yellow green” frothy vaginal discharge,

fish like odor

Sexual and fomite transmission

“strawberry vagina”

Mobile trophozites in methylene blue wet mount

“Corkscrew motillity”

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

Tx. Metronidazole

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7
Q

Cause of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

**altered sense of smell**

Acute prefrontal Headache, nausea, high fever

often fatal

Diving in very warm fresh water

A

Naegleria

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8
Q

Keratitis; Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE) in immuno compromised patients

contact lense solution

A

Acanthamoeba

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9
Q

Plasmodium species with Hypnozoites

A

P. Vivax and P. Ovale

can cause relapsing

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10
Q

Plasmodium Species

Relapse seen

Blood Smear: Enlarged host cells; ameboid trophozoites

48 hour fever spikes

A

P. Vivax

ReLapse from Liver

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11
Q

Plasmodium Species

Irregular fever spikes

Recrudescence but no relapse

Blood Smear: Multiple ring forms crescent-shaped gametes

Malignant Tertian

**Chloroquine resitance is a problem**

A

P Falciparum

REcruDescence in RED Blood cells

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12
Q

Disease and Bug

Hemoflagellate

Latin America

Cardiomyopathy, Liver, Brain, Colon, Esophagus

Reduviid Bug vector

A

Chagas Disease

Trypanosma Cruzi

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13
Q

Hemoflagellate disease that can look like malaria

Genetic ApoLiproProtien protection has led to increased rates of renal failure

Vector is ________

Immune evasion from ______

A

African Sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma b.Gambiense or Rhodesiense

Spread by the Tsetse fly

Antigenic variation

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14
Q

Disease and Vector

Hemoflagellate

Infect Macrophage appear as cytoplasmic dots

Middle East, Centra or S. America, India, North Africa, China

itching, solitary papule –> ulcer

Can resmeble Leprosy

A

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Sandfly

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15
Q

Disease, bug and Transmission

Hemoflagellate

Middle East, Centra or S. America, India, North Africa, China

Invaides Macrophage

causes persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombcytopenia and leukopenia

Darkening of the Skin “Kala Azar” means black sickness in Hindi

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Leishmania Donovanni

Transmitted by sandfly bite

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16
Q

Diseases, Bug, and vector

Often co-infection with Borrelia

Hemolytic, Malaria like

Giemsa stain or hamster inoculation –> Tetrads, Maltese crosses in RBC’s

A

Babesiosis, Babesia, Ixodes tick

Tx Clindamycin + quinine

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17
Q

Cats are essential defintive host

Or eating Pork

Will cause?

Healthy individuals _____

Pregnant Patients _____

AIDS Patient ________

A

Toxoplasma Gondii & Toxoplasmosis

Healthy individuals: asymptomatic or disease that resembles Mono

Pregnant Pts:

Early Pregnancy –> sever congenital effects

Late Pregnancy –> progressive blindness in the child later in life

AIDS Pts: focal CNS diease, ring enhancing lesions, prophyliaxis must be given in seroposotive pts

18
Q

Trematodes (Flukes)

The first intermediate hosts are ______?

A

Snails

Who gives a fuck?

19
Q

Common Name and Organism

Skin penetration (itching) –> mature in veins of mesentary –> casue granulomas in the liver and hepatomegaly, portal hypertension

Hepatic Periportal Fibrosis (Pipestem Fibrosis)

Subterminal Spine

and Small Spine

A

Intestinal Schistosomiasis

S. Mansoni

Sub terminal spine look like penis (Man)

S. Japonicum

Small spine

20
Q

Bug and Disease name

**Casues squamous Cell Bladder Cancer in Egypt

Terminal Spine

hangs out in blader veins

Sx - Hematuria

A

Schitosoma Haematobium

causes Vesicular Schistosomiasis

Praziquantil

21
Q

Bug causing

Swimmer’s Itch

dermatitis without further developmenturth

A

Non-Human Schistosomes

22
Q

Name, Common name and Tx

Eating Raw Fish

Serium-like sickness, rash, vasculitis

Infects Bilary duct

Increases risk for Cholangiocarcinoma

Oppurculated Eggs (hat)

A

Clonorchis Sinenssis

(ORCA)

“Chinese Liver Fluke”

23
Q

Bug, Common Name, and TX

Diease that can be confused for TB

Increase Eosinophiles seen in this infection

Eating raw Crabs

Opperculated Eggs

A

Paragonimus Westermani

(Penguin)

“Lung Fluke”

Tx= Praziquantal

24
Q

Bug and “Common Name”

Worm that casues hepatic abscess and granulomas, biliary obstruction

Eosinophilia, vomiting, and acute gastric pain

Living with a sheep dog

A

Fasciola Hepatica

“Sheep Liver Fluke”

25
Q

Disease and Common Name

Eating quatic plants, water chestnuts

Large worms cuases intestinal Obsturction and toxins from eggs

A

Fasciolopsis Buski

“Giant Intestinal Fluke”

26
Q

Cestode name and common name

Tapeworm

Eating Rare Beef –> A pet in your belly

A

Taenia Saginata

“Beef Tape worm”

27
Q

Cestode, Common name, Disease, Tx

GI Tapeworm

Drinking water and Eating vegation contaiminated with egs in pig poop

larvae devlope in brain, eye, heart

—> Adult-onset epilespsy

A

Taneia Solium

“Pork Tape Worm”

Cysticercosis

Tx- Praziquantel

28
Q

Cestode, Common name, Disease, Tx

GI Tapeworm

Eating raw/rare pork containing larvae

Aymptomatic or Vague Abdominal Pain

A

Taenia Solium

“Pork Tape Worm”

Intestinal Tape Worm

Tx = Praziquantel

29
Q

Cestodes, Common Name, Disease, Tx

Eating raw or pickled fish containing a sparganum

Humans are Direct Host

Megaloblastic Anemia (Low B12)

A

Diphyllobothrium Latum

“Fish tapeworm”

Tx= Praziquantel

30
Q

Cestode, Disease, Tx

Sheep herders, Ingest Eggs

Liver and Lung cyst containing brood capsules

“Egg Shell Calicfications in Liver on CT”

Eosinophelia (Like all helminth infections )

A

Echinococcus Granulosus

Hydatid cyst disease

Surgery “Dont break the cysts”

inject cysts with EtOH

31
Q

Bug Name, Common Name, Tx

Round Worm (Nematodes) , transmitted by Eggs

Anal itching, Most frequent heminth parasite in the U.S.

A

Enterobius Vermicularis

“Pinworms”

Mebendazole

Treat entire family

32
Q

Name, Common name

Barrel-shaped eggs with bipolar plugs

Cecum, apendicitis, and rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris Trichiura

“Whipworm”

33
Q

Round Worm

Most common helminth world wide

Largest round worm

Ingest Egg –> larvae migrate thru lungs –> mature in intestines

Maybe obstruct intestine or bile duct

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

Ascariasis

34
Q

Name, Common Name

Round Worm (Nematode)

Larvae Infect/Penetrate thru intact skin

Lung Migration –> Pneumonitis

Blood sucking –> Anemia

A

Necator Americanus

New World “Hook worm”

35
Q

Bug, Common Name and Disease

Roundworm (Nematode)

Intense skin ithching, larvae penetrates skin but can’t mature in humans

A

Ancylostoma Braziliense

Ancylostoma Canium

“Dog and Cat hookworm”

Cutaneouos Larva Migrans

36
Q

Name, Common name, Tx

Early: pneumonitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea

Later: Malabsorption, uclers, bloody stool

Larva Penetrates Intact skin

A

Strongylodies Stercoralis

“Threadworm”

Tx= Thiabendazole

37
Q

Bug and Tx

Round Worm

Eating pork or wild game (bear)

Muscle Pain

fever, splinter hemorrhages, eosinophilia, periorbital swelling

A

Trichinella Spiralis

Tx = Streoids for sever symptoms + mebendazole

38
Q

Bug and Disease

Lymphadenitis

Gilarial Nematodes

Mosquito bite

Eosinophilia

A

Wucheria Bancrofti

“Elephantiasis”

39
Q

Bug, Common Name and Tx

Worms in the eye

No blindness

Prutitius

Eosinophilia

A

Loa Loa

“African Eye Worm”

Tx= Surgery, DEC (diethyl carbamazine)

40
Q

Bug, Disease, Tx

Blindness

Black fly bite

Ithcy, “leopard” rash

A

Onchocera Volvulus

“River Blindness”

Tx= Surgical removal, DEC (diethylcarbamazine) or ivermectin

41
Q

Bug, Common name, and Tx

Creeping eruptions, uclerations, rash

worm eruption from skin

Increaed IgE

A

Dracunculus Medinensis

“Guinea Worm, Firey serpent”

Metronidazole

Microbiology Kap (3 decks)

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