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Paraites Flashcards

1
Q

type of host which larval or asexual stages develop

A

Intermediate

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2
Q

type of host where adult or sexual stages occur

A

Defintive

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3
Q

diease and species:

Protozoan

Dysentery with inverted flask shaped lesions in large intestines with extension to peritneum and liver, lungs, brain and heart.

Blood and pus in stools, Liver abscesses

A

Disease = Amebiasis

Species = Entameoeba Histlytica

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4
Q

Oranisim that causes

Fatty, foul smelling diarrhea from mal-absorption

“falling leaf” motilitly

“untreated stream water”

A

Giardia lamblia : Giardiasis “Beaver Fever”

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5
Q

One of the MC cuases of Diarrhea in AIDS pts

Transient Diarrhea in healthy pts

not killed by Chlorine

Acid Fast oocytes in stool

biopsy shows dots (cysts) in intestinal glands

A

Cryptosporoidium

Cryptosporidiosis

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6
Q

Bug and Treatment?

“Yellow green” frothy vaginal discharge,

fish like odor

Sexual and fomite transmission

“strawberry vagina”

Mobile trophozites in methylene blue wet mount

“Corkscrew motillity”

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

Tx. Metronidazole

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7
Q

Cause of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

**altered sense of smell**

Acute prefrontal Headache, nausea, high fever

often fatal

Diving in very warm fresh water

A

Naegleria

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8
Q

Keratitis; Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE) in immuno compromised patients

contact lense solution

A

Acanthamoeba

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9
Q

Plasmodium species with Hypnozoites

A

P. Vivax and P. Ovale

can cause relapsing

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10
Q

Plasmodium Species

Relapse seen

Blood Smear: Enlarged host cells; ameboid trophozoites

48 hour fever spikes

A

P. Vivax

ReLapse from Liver

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11
Q

Plasmodium Species

Irregular fever spikes

Recrudescence but no relapse

Blood Smear: Multiple ring forms crescent-shaped gametes

Malignant Tertian

**Chloroquine resitance is a problem**

A

P Falciparum

REcruDescence in RED Blood cells

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12
Q

Disease and Bug

Hemoflagellate

Latin America

Cardiomyopathy, Liver, Brain, Colon, Esophagus

Reduviid Bug vector

A

Chagas Disease

Trypanosma Cruzi

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13
Q

Hemoflagellate disease that can look like malaria

Genetic ApoLiproProtien protection has led to increased rates of renal failure

Vector is ________

Immune evasion from ______

A

African Sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma b.Gambiense or Rhodesiense

Spread by the Tsetse fly

Antigenic variation

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14
Q

Disease and Vector

Hemoflagellate

Infect Macrophage appear as cytoplasmic dots

Middle East, Centra or S. America, India, North Africa, China

itching, solitary papule –> ulcer

Can resmeble Leprosy

A

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Sandfly

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15
Q

Disease, bug and Transmission

Hemoflagellate

Middle East, Centra or S. America, India, North Africa, China

Invaides Macrophage

causes persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombcytopenia and leukopenia

Darkening of the Skin “Kala Azar” means black sickness in Hindi

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Leishmania Donovanni

Transmitted by sandfly bite

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16
Q

Diseases, Bug, and vector

Often co-infection with Borrelia

Hemolytic, Malaria like

Giemsa stain or hamster inoculation –> Tetrads, Maltese crosses in RBC’s

A

Babesiosis, Babesia, Ixodes tick

Tx Clindamycin + quinine

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17
Q

Cats are essential defintive host

Or eating Pork

Will cause?

Healthy individuals _____

Pregnant Patients _____

AIDS Patient ________

A

Toxoplasma Gondii & Toxoplasmosis

Healthy individuals: asymptomatic or disease that resembles Mono

Pregnant Pts:

Early Pregnancy –> sever congenital effects

Late Pregnancy –> progressive blindness in the child later in life

AIDS Pts: focal CNS diease, ring enhancing lesions, prophyliaxis must be given in seroposotive pts

18
Q

Trematodes (Flukes)

The first intermediate hosts are ______?

A

Snails

Who gives a fuck?

19
Q

Common Name and Organism

Skin penetration (itching) –> mature in veins of mesentary –> casue granulomas in the liver and hepatomegaly, portal hypertension

Hepatic Periportal Fibrosis (Pipestem Fibrosis)

Subterminal Spine

and Small Spine

A

Intestinal Schistosomiasis

S. Mansoni

Sub terminal spine look like penis (Man)

S. Japonicum

Small spine

20
Q

Bug and Disease name

**Casues squamous Cell Bladder Cancer in Egypt

Terminal Spine

hangs out in blader veins

Sx - Hematuria

A

Schitosoma Haematobium

causes Vesicular Schistosomiasis

Praziquantil

21
Q

Bug causing

Swimmer’s Itch

dermatitis without further developmenturth

A

Non-Human Schistosomes

22
Q

Name, Common name and Tx

Eating Raw Fish

Serium-like sickness, rash, vasculitis

Infects Bilary duct

Increases risk for Cholangiocarcinoma

Oppurculated Eggs (hat)

A

Clonorchis Sinenssis

(ORCA)

“Chinese Liver Fluke”

23
Q

Bug, Common Name, and TX

Diease that can be confused for TB

Increase Eosinophiles seen in this infection

Eating raw Crabs

Opperculated Eggs

A

Paragonimus Westermani

(Penguin)

“Lung Fluke”

Tx= Praziquantal

24
Q

Bug and “Common Name”

Worm that casues hepatic abscess and granulomas, biliary obstruction

Eosinophilia, vomiting, and acute gastric pain

Living with a sheep dog

A

Fasciola Hepatica

“Sheep Liver Fluke”

25
Disease and Common Name Eating quatic plants, water chestnuts Large worms cuases intestinal Obsturction and toxins from eggs
Fasciolopsis Buski "Giant Intestinal Fluke"
26
Cestode name and common name Tapeworm Eating Rare Beef --\> A pet in your belly
Taenia Saginata "Beef Tape worm"
27
Cestode, Common name, Disease, Tx GI Tapeworm Drinking water and Eating vegation contaiminated with egs in pig poop larvae devlope in brain, eye, heart ---\> Adult-onset epilespsy
Taneia Solium "Pork Tape Worm" Cysticercosis Tx- Praziquantel
28
Cestode, Common name, Disease, Tx GI Tapeworm Eating raw/rare pork containing larvae Aymptomatic or Vague Abdominal Pain
Taenia Solium "Pork Tape Worm" Intestinal Tape Worm Tx = Praziquantel
29
Cestodes, Common Name, Disease, Tx Eating raw or pickled fish containing a sparganum Humans are Direct Host Megaloblastic Anemia (Low B12)
Diphyllobothrium Latum "Fish tapeworm" Tx= Praziquantel
30
Cestode, Disease, Tx Sheep herders, Ingest Eggs Liver and Lung cyst containing brood capsules "Egg Shell Calicfications in Liver on CT" Eosinophelia (Like all helminth infections )
Echinococcus Granulosus Hydatid cyst disease Surgery "Dont break the cysts" inject cysts with EtOH
31
Bug Name, Common Name, Tx Round Worm (Nematodes) , transmitted by Eggs Anal itching, Most frequent heminth parasite in the U.S.
Enterobius Vermicularis "Pinworms" Mebendazole Treat entire family
32
Name, Common name Barrel-shaped eggs with bipolar plugs Cecum, apendicitis, and rectal prolapse
Trichuris Trichiura "Whipworm"
33
Round Worm Most common helminth world wide Largest round worm Ingest Egg --\> larvae migrate thru lungs --\> mature in intestines Maybe obstruct intestine or bile duct
Ascaris Lumbricoides Ascariasis
34
Name, Common Name Round Worm (Nematode) Larvae Infect/Penetrate thru intact skin Lung Migration --\> Pneumonitis Blood sucking --\> Anemia
Necator Americanus New World "Hook worm"
35
Bug, Common Name and Disease Roundworm (Nematode) Intense skin ithching, larvae penetrates skin but can't mature in humans
Ancylostoma Braziliense Ancylostoma Canium "Dog and Cat hookworm" Cutaneouos Larva Migrans
36
Name, Common name, Tx Early: pneumonitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea Later: Malabsorption, uclers, bloody stool Larva Penetrates Intact skin
Strongylodies Stercoralis "Threadworm" Tx= Thiabendazole
37
Bug and Tx Round Worm Eating pork or wild game (bear) Muscle Pain fever, splinter hemorrhages, eosinophilia, periorbital swelling
Trichinella Spiralis Tx = Streoids for sever symptoms + mebendazole
38
Bug and Disease Lymphadenitis Gilarial Nematodes Mosquito bite Eosinophilia
Wucheria Bancrofti "Elephantiasis"
39
Bug, Common Name and Tx Worms in the eye No blindness Prutitius Eosinophilia
Loa Loa "African Eye Worm" Tx= Surgery, DEC (diethyl carbamazine)
40
Bug, Disease, Tx Blindness Black fly bite Ithcy, "leopard" rash
Onchocera Volvulus "River Blindness" Tx= Surgical removal, DEC (diethylcarbamazine) or ivermectin
41
Bug, Common name, and Tx Creeping eruptions, uclerations, rash worm eruption from skin Increaed IgE
Dracunculus Medinensis "Guinea Worm, Firey serpent" Metronidazole

Microbiology Kap (3 decks)

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