Paraites Flashcards
type of host which larval or asexual stages develop
Intermediate
type of host where adult or sexual stages occur
Defintive
diease and species:
Protozoan
Dysentery with inverted flask shaped lesions in large intestines with extension to peritneum and liver, lungs, brain and heart.
Blood and pus in stools, Liver abscesses
Disease = Amebiasis
Species = Entameoeba Histlytica
Oranisim that causes
Fatty, foul smelling diarrhea from mal-absorption
“falling leaf” motilitly
“untreated stream water”
Giardia lamblia : Giardiasis “Beaver Fever”
One of the MC cuases of Diarrhea in AIDS pts
Transient Diarrhea in healthy pts
not killed by Chlorine
Acid Fast oocytes in stool
biopsy shows dots (cysts) in intestinal glands
Cryptosporoidium
Cryptosporidiosis
Bug and Treatment?
“Yellow green” frothy vaginal discharge,
fish like odor
Sexual and fomite transmission
“strawberry vagina”
Mobile trophozites in methylene blue wet mount
“Corkscrew motillity”
Trichomonas Vaginalis
Tx. Metronidazole
Cause of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
**altered sense of smell**
Acute prefrontal Headache, nausea, high fever
often fatal
Diving in very warm fresh water
Naegleria
Keratitis; Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE) in immuno compromised patients
contact lense solution
Acanthamoeba
Plasmodium species with Hypnozoites
P. Vivax and P. Ovale
can cause relapsing
Plasmodium Species
Relapse seen
Blood Smear: Enlarged host cells; ameboid trophozoites
48 hour fever spikes
P. Vivax
ReLapse from Liver
Plasmodium Species
Irregular fever spikes
Recrudescence but no relapse
Blood Smear: Multiple ring forms crescent-shaped gametes
Malignant Tertian
**Chloroquine resitance is a problem**
P Falciparum
REcruDescence in RED Blood cells
Disease and Bug
Hemoflagellate
Latin America
Cardiomyopathy, Liver, Brain, Colon, Esophagus
Reduviid Bug vector
Chagas Disease
Trypanosma Cruzi
Hemoflagellate disease that can look like malaria
Genetic ApoLiproProtien protection has led to increased rates of renal failure
Vector is ________
Immune evasion from ______
African Sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma b.Gambiense or Rhodesiense
Spread by the Tsetse fly
Antigenic variation
Disease and Vector
Hemoflagellate
Infect Macrophage appear as cytoplasmic dots
Middle East, Centra or S. America, India, North Africa, China
itching, solitary papule –> ulcer
Can resmeble Leprosy
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Sandfly
Disease, bug and Transmission
Hemoflagellate
Middle East, Centra or S. America, India, North Africa, China
Invaides Macrophage
causes persistent fever, hepatosplenomegaly, thrombcytopenia and leukopenia
Darkening of the Skin “Kala Azar” means black sickness in Hindi
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Leishmania Donovanni
Transmitted by sandfly bite
Diseases, Bug, and vector
Often co-infection with Borrelia
Hemolytic, Malaria like
Giemsa stain or hamster inoculation –> Tetrads, Maltese crosses in RBC’s
Babesiosis, Babesia, Ixodes tick
Tx Clindamycin + quinine
Cats are essential defintive host
Or eating Pork
Will cause?
Healthy individuals _____
Pregnant Patients _____
AIDS Patient ________
Toxoplasma Gondii & Toxoplasmosis
Healthy individuals: asymptomatic or disease that resembles Mono
Pregnant Pts:
Early Pregnancy –> sever congenital effects
Late Pregnancy –> progressive blindness in the child later in life
AIDS Pts: focal CNS diease, ring enhancing lesions, prophyliaxis must be given in seroposotive pts
Trematodes (Flukes)
The first intermediate hosts are ______?
Snails
Who gives a fuck?
Common Name and Organism
Skin penetration (itching) –> mature in veins of mesentary –> casue granulomas in the liver and hepatomegaly, portal hypertension
Hepatic Periportal Fibrosis (Pipestem Fibrosis)
Subterminal Spine
and Small Spine
Intestinal Schistosomiasis
S. Mansoni
Sub terminal spine look like penis (Man)
S. Japonicum
Small spine
Bug and Disease name
**Casues squamous Cell Bladder Cancer in Egypt
Terminal Spine
hangs out in blader veins
Sx - Hematuria
Schitosoma Haematobium
causes Vesicular Schistosomiasis
Praziquantil
Bug causing
Swimmer’s Itch
dermatitis without further developmenturth
Non-Human Schistosomes
Name, Common name and Tx
Eating Raw Fish
Serium-like sickness, rash, vasculitis
Infects Bilary duct
Increases risk for Cholangiocarcinoma
Oppurculated Eggs (hat)
Clonorchis Sinenssis
(ORCA)
“Chinese Liver Fluke”
Bug, Common Name, and TX
Diease that can be confused for TB
Increase Eosinophiles seen in this infection
Eating raw Crabs
Opperculated Eggs
Paragonimus Westermani
(Penguin)
“Lung Fluke”
Tx= Praziquantal
Bug and “Common Name”
Worm that casues hepatic abscess and granulomas, biliary obstruction
Eosinophilia, vomiting, and acute gastric pain
Living with a sheep dog
Fasciola Hepatica
“Sheep Liver Fluke”
Disease and Common Name
Eating quatic plants, water chestnuts
Large worms cuases intestinal Obsturction and toxins from eggs
Fasciolopsis Buski
“Giant Intestinal Fluke”
Cestode name and common name
Tapeworm
Eating Rare Beef –> A pet in your belly
Taenia Saginata
“Beef Tape worm”
Cestode, Common name, Disease, Tx
GI Tapeworm
Drinking water and Eating vegation contaiminated with egs in pig poop
larvae devlope in brain, eye, heart
—> Adult-onset epilespsy
Taneia Solium
“Pork Tape Worm”
Cysticercosis
Tx- Praziquantel
Cestode, Common name, Disease, Tx
GI Tapeworm
Eating raw/rare pork containing larvae
Aymptomatic or Vague Abdominal Pain
Taenia Solium
“Pork Tape Worm”
Intestinal Tape Worm
Tx = Praziquantel
Cestodes, Common Name, Disease, Tx
Eating raw or pickled fish containing a sparganum
Humans are Direct Host
Megaloblastic Anemia (Low B12)
Diphyllobothrium Latum
“Fish tapeworm”
Tx= Praziquantel
Cestode, Disease, Tx
Sheep herders, Ingest Eggs
Liver and Lung cyst containing brood capsules
“Egg Shell Calicfications in Liver on CT”
Eosinophelia (Like all helminth infections )
Echinococcus Granulosus
Hydatid cyst disease
Surgery “Dont break the cysts”
inject cysts with EtOH
Bug Name, Common Name, Tx
Round Worm (Nematodes) , transmitted by Eggs
Anal itching, Most frequent heminth parasite in the U.S.
Enterobius Vermicularis
“Pinworms”
Mebendazole
Treat entire family
Name, Common name
Barrel-shaped eggs with bipolar plugs
Cecum, apendicitis, and rectal prolapse
Trichuris Trichiura
“Whipworm”
Round Worm
Most common helminth world wide
Largest round worm
Ingest Egg –> larvae migrate thru lungs –> mature in intestines
Maybe obstruct intestine or bile duct
Ascaris Lumbricoides
Ascariasis
Name, Common Name
Round Worm (Nematode)
Larvae Infect/Penetrate thru intact skin
Lung Migration –> Pneumonitis
Blood sucking –> Anemia
Necator Americanus
New World “Hook worm”
Bug, Common Name and Disease
Roundworm (Nematode)
Intense skin ithching, larvae penetrates skin but can’t mature in humans
Ancylostoma Braziliense
Ancylostoma Canium
“Dog and Cat hookworm”
Cutaneouos Larva Migrans
Name, Common name, Tx
Early: pneumonitis, abdominal pain, diarrhea
Later: Malabsorption, uclers, bloody stool
Larva Penetrates Intact skin
Strongylodies Stercoralis
“Threadworm”
Tx= Thiabendazole
Bug and Tx
Round Worm
Eating pork or wild game (bear)
Muscle Pain
fever, splinter hemorrhages, eosinophilia, periorbital swelling
Trichinella Spiralis
Tx = Streoids for sever symptoms + mebendazole
Bug and Disease
Lymphadenitis
Gilarial Nematodes
Mosquito bite
Eosinophilia
Wucheria Bancrofti
“Elephantiasis”
Bug, Common Name and Tx
Worms in the eye
No blindness
Prutitius
Eosinophilia
Loa Loa
“African Eye Worm”
Tx= Surgery, DEC (diethyl carbamazine)
Bug, Disease, Tx
Blindness
Black fly bite
Ithcy, “leopard” rash
Onchocera Volvulus
“River Blindness”
Tx= Surgical removal, DEC (diethylcarbamazine) or ivermectin
Bug, Common name, and Tx
Creeping eruptions, uclerations, rash
worm eruption from skin
Increaed IgE
Dracunculus Medinensis
“Guinea Worm, Firey serpent”
Metronidazole
