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Respiratory Parasitology > Paragonimus, House Dust Mites & Loeffler’s Syndrome > Flashcards

Paragonimus, House Dust Mites & Loeffler’s Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

Mention limitations of serodiagnosis of p

A

Cross-reaction with other trematode infections

Can be avoided by excretory secretory antigens

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2
Q

Imaging modalities used for Paragnimus diagnosis & findings

A

X-ray: nodular or ring shadows, patchy infiltation & cavities, sometimes calcified cyst.
CT: worm cysts, soap bubble appearance in cerebral lesions

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3
Q

Drug of choice for Paragonimus treatment

A

Praziquantel (Biltricide)

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4
Q

Breeding site of house dust mites is

A

Beds

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5
Q

Conditions which favour house dust mites growth

A

Warm, damp & inadequately aired

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6
Q

Main food of house dust mites is

A

Human skin scales, organic debris

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7
Q

Describe moulting of house dust mites

A

Incomplete metamorphosis egg to larvae to nymph to adult

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8
Q

Mention reactions caused by house dust mites & their feces

A

Bronchial asthma & allergic rhinitis & atopic dermatitis

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9
Q

Describe control measures of house dust mites

A

Vacuum cleaning, washing sheets & blankets, airing of rooms, applying benzyl benzoate to mattresses and carpets

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10
Q

Mention parasites causing Loeffler’s syndrome

A

HAS

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11
Q

GR: Strogyloidiasis causes most severe Loeffler’s

A

Due to increase larvae load caused by autoinfection

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12
Q

DD of Loeffler’s syndrome

A
  1. VLM characterized by long-term illness (many months)
  2. Katamaya syndrome characterised by splenomegaly & long-term illness (2-3 months)
  3. Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, responds to DEC
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13
Q

What is detected in sputum in Loeffler’s syndrome

A

Larvae, abdundant eosinophils, Charcot Leyden crystals

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14
Q

X-ray of Loeffler’s syndrome shows …..

A

Ground glass appearance

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15
Q

Duration of Loeffler’s syndrome

A

3 weeks

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16
Q

Manifestations of patent phase of P.w.

17
Q

Site of P.w lesions in lung commonly is ….

A

Upper right quadrant

18
Q

Content & strcture of lung cysts of Paragonimus

A

Granuloma with formation of thick fibrous cysts which may become sclerotic surrounding adults which can live in pairs/triplets contaning numerous eggs & Charcot Leyden crystals.

19
Q

When does chronic phase of P.W. occur?

A

3-4 months post-infection

20
Q

Mention the events of life cycle corresponding to acute pulmonary phase

A

It occurs during migration of immature flukes through the lung and accompanied by high eosinophilia can cause acute pneumonitis.

21
Q

Epidemiology of Paragonimus

A

Not in Egypt but in Far East, West Africa, South & central America

22
Q

MOT of Paragonimus

A

Ingestion of encysted metacercaria in improperly cooked or prepared crab or crayfish.

23
Q

Definitive & reversoir hosts of Paragonimus

A

Human - D

Dogs, cats, pigs, wolf & fox - R

24
Q

1st intermediate host, stage penetrating it & 2nd intermediate host

A

1st: Semisulcospira libertina
Penetrating: microcercus cercaria
2nd: crustaceans, crabs & caryfish

25
Q

Mention the infective & diagnostic stages of Paragonimus

A

I:encysted metacercaria
D: immature operculated eggs

26
Q

Adult has …. suckers, the tegument is provided with ……., it is a ….., having 2…..testes & ovary. …… are formed of fine follicles olt paragonimus is ….. in colour, has …….. n lateral sides.

A

Reddish-brown, 2 (oral & ventral), spines, hermaphrodite, lobed, vittelaria.

27
Q

Mention advatages of serology in Paragonimus

A
  1. Early diagnosis
  2. Diagnosis of acute & extrapulmonary p.
  3. Diagnosis of chronic p.
  4. Follow-up of treatment as Ab decline 6-12 months
28
Q

Limitations of sputum examination

A

Not present in prepatent period, very scarce in patent period

29
Q

Mention specimens in which egg of Paragonimus can be recovered

A

Sputum, stool, gastric lavage, pleural effusion fluid, fine needle aspiration

30
Q

Describe shape & shell of egg of Paragonimus

A

Oval with wide top & narrow bottom

Thick shell & operculated

31
Q

DD of Paragnimiasis

A
  1. Other causes of pneumonia with eosinophilia, Loeffler’s (HAS)
  2. Tuberculosis
  3. Cerebral p. should be differentiated from other cerebral lesions (S.japonicum, E.granulosus, T.solium)
32
Q

Mention complications of P.westermani

A

Bronchopneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, pneumothorax, pyothorax, fulminating abdominal cavity & cerebral lesions, 2ry bac inf.

33
Q

Write a short note on cerebral paragnimiasis

A

Behaviour of parasite is similar to that in lung with cyst formation, it causes eosinophilic meningitis & sometimes calcification. Affects occipital and/or temopral lobes
C/P: Headaches, epileptic fits, hemiplegia.

Respiratory Parasitology (1 decks)

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