Paradigmatic and systematic realtions

Question 1

what are paradigmatic relations

Answer 1

reflect the semantic choices at a particular structural point in a senctence. They can either show relationships of identity and inclusion or relationships of opposition and exclusion.

Question 2

What is synonymy?

Answer 2

Paradigmatic sense relation of identity and inclusion. Semantic similarities are more salient than their differences.

Question 3

What’s absolute synonymy?

Answer 3

can be mutually substituted in all contexts without changing the meaning of the phrase

Question 4

What is propositional synonymy?

Answer 4

words that can be substituted for one another in any declarative sentence (without changing the truth-value of the phrase), but affecting the style of the phrase or the expressive meaning.

Question 5

What are near synonyms?

Answer 5

have similar meanings, however when substituted in a certain context, the meaning of the phrase can change.

Question 6

what is antonymy?

Answer 6

A paradigmatic sense relation of opposition and exclusion . Antonyms are words which are opposite in meaning.

Question 7

what is simple antonymy?

Answer 7

The positive of one implies the negative of the other

Question 8

What are gradable antonyms?

Answer 8

relationship of opposites where the positive of one doesn’t necessarily imply the negative of the other. Typically associated with adjectives and intermediate terms. Characteristics are usually relative.

Question 9

what are reversive antonyms?

Answer 9

describe movement.

Question 10

What are conversive antonyms?

Answer 10

relation between two entities from an alternate view point

Question 11

Taxonomic sisters

Answer 11

When words are in the same taxonomical group, they are incompatible with one another and substitution will change the meaning of the phrase.

Question 12

What are syntagmatic sense relations ?

Answer 12

relate to the way different words can be combined to make language structures in a setnence. Can be collocational restrictions or selectional restrictions.

Question 13

what are collocational restrictions?

Answer 13

words that have a degree fo phrasal unity, where the meaning of an individual word is restricted to that particular phrase.

Question 14

What year was Saussure chatting

Answer 14

1983

Question 15

what year was Aitchson chatting

Answer 15

2003

Question 16

what year was Singleton chatting

Answer 16

1999

Question 17

What evidence did Aitchson used to show how semantic conections were stronger in collocational restrications than in paradigmatic ones

Answer 17

aphasia preseves collocational restrictions better
she looked at slips of the tongue
word associations
word searches
She found that frequent associations collocational lnks often merge into habitual connections and so likley to be linked closer in the brain

Question 18

What did Singleton (1999) find?

Answer 18

aquirers of different languages in the early stages of this process behave similarly to very young learners, being more likley to produce syntagmatic responses than paradymatic ones.