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Science, Technology, and Society > Paradigm Shift > Flashcards

Paradigm Shift Flashcards

1
Q

typical example or pattern

A

paradigm

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2
Q

distinct set of concepts or thought patterns

A

paradigm

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3
Q

fundamental change in approach

A

paradigm shift

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4
Q

paradigm shift is by

A

thomas kuhn

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5
Q

kuhn’s book

A

the structure of scientific revolutions 1962

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6
Q

more significant changes with belief systems

A

paradigm shift

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7
Q

sometimes considered important and sometimes given great attention within education

A

paradigm shift

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8
Q

thomas samuel kuhn’s birthdate and death date

A

07/18/1922 - 06/17/1966

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9
Q

american physicist, historia, and philosopher of science

A

thomas samuel kuhn

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10
Q

wrote the structure of scientific revolutions in 1962

A

thomas samuel kuhn

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11
Q

book of thomas samuel kuhn

A

structure of scientific revolutions

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12
Q

history of science

A

structure of scientific revolutions

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13
Q

simple cycle of progress

A

kuhn cycle

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14
Q

challenged the world’s current conception of science which was at a steady progression of accumulation of new ideas

A

kuhn cycle

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15
Q

viewpoint was wrong

A

kuhn’s paradigm

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16
Q

science advanced most by occasional revolutions of new knowledge triggered by introduction of new ways of thought so large

A

kuhn’s paradigm

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17
Q

introduction of new ways of thought so large is called

A

new paradigms

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18
Q

paradigms change in scientific revolutions and is a new way of seeing the world

A

kuhn’s paradigm

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19
Q

presented a descriptive theory which kuhn try to observe the factual scientific fields to understand how they function

A

popper and kuhn

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20
Q

steps of kuhn cycle

A

pre-science
normal science
model drift
model crisis
model revolution
paradigm change

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21
Q

pre-paradigm stage

A

pre-science

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22
Q

not yet a model of understanding to solve main problems

A

pre-science

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23
Q

no workable paradigm

A

pre-science

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24
Q

theorizing, observing, and experimenting

A

normal science

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25
Q

has a scientifically based model of understanding that works

A

normal science

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26
Q

model of understanding starts to drift coz of anomalies and phenomena

A

model drift

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27
Q

model cannot explain

A

model drift

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28
Q

most important step

A

model crisis

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29
Q

model drift becomes so excessive

A

model crisis

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30
Q

model is broken

A

model crisis

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31
Q

no longer serve as reliable guide

A

model crisis

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32
Q

field in anguish

A

model crisis

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33
Q

serious candidates for new model emerge

A

model revolution

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34
Q

new model is so different from old one

A

model revolution

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35
Q

undergoing revolutionary change

A

model revolution

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36
Q

paradigm shift

A

paradigm change

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37
Q

new paradigm are taught to others

A

paradigm change

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38
Q

new paradigm becomes generally accepted guide to one’s work

A

paradigm change

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39
Q

field is now back to normal science step

A

paradigm change

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40
Q

broke the monopoly of Catholic church and Christian’s relationship with God

A

the reformation

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41
Q

darwin’s theory of revolution

A

natural sciences

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42
Q

create a physical model of earth’s structure

A

plate tectonics

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43
Q

subjective to observer’s state of motion relative to other objects

A

albert einstein’s space-time is not fixed or objective

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44
Q

who said that we are not fully in control of our behavior

A

sigmund freud

45
Q

government intervention in the economy is now accepted

46
Q

purpose of art is to copy reality

A

realist paradigm

47
Q

can fully explain something by breaking it down into simple prts

A

reductionism

48
Q

belief that complex phenomena can be fully explained by analyzing their simplest components

A

reductionism

49
Q

more than just the sum of its parts

A

complexity of living systems

50
Q

living organisms exhibit emerging properties that cannot be fully explained by their individual parts

A

complexity of living systems

51
Q

limitations of reductionism

A

complexity of living systems
consciousness
free will

52
Q

science struggles to explain human consciousness

A

consciousness

53
Q

human actions are not entirely determined by physical laws

54
Q

we are not controlled solely by physical laws

55
Q

proposed that humans are made up of both matter and form

A

st. thomas aquinas

56
Q

hylomorphic view

A

matter form

57
Q

allows a more comprehensive understanding of human nature

A

hylomorphic view

58
Q

this view helps explain things that reductionism can’t

A

aquina’s perspective

59
Q

reduction of nature to fundamental physics

A

reductionism

60
Q

all living things are made up of cells and how they function

61
Q

make more detailed predictions once we understand atomic structures involved in chemical reactions

62
Q

find more fundamental constituents of physical world, discovering atom, electrons, and neutrons

63
Q

fundamental change in the basic concepts and experimental practices

A

paradig shift

64
Q

set of practices, theories, and standards that define scientific discipline

65
Q

involves scientists working within the established paradigm without questioning the foundational assumptions

A

normal science

66
Q

observations or experimental results emerge that cannot be explained by current paradigm

67
Q

how scientists approach problems, conduct experiments, and interpret data

68
Q

data or observations that don’t fit the current theories

69
Q

problems that current paradigm cannot resolve

70
Q

accumulation of unresolved anomalies

71
Q

challenge the existing paradigm

72
Q

when old paradigm begins to break down coz it can’t fully account for new findings

73
Q

rules and assumptions no longer seem adequate to explain the world

74
Q

when a new framework is adopted resolving the anomalies

A

scientific revolution

75
Q

fundamental change in basic concepts of the field

A

paradigm shift

76
Q

new paradigm becomes the new norm and cycle of normal science begins a new

77
Q

how we understand the world in scientific terms

A

paradigm shift

78
Q

major transformation in knowledge that reshapes the field

A

paradigm shift

79
Q

meaning of geometric model

A

earth at the center

80
Q

meaning of heliocentric model

A

sun at the center

81
Q

classic paradigm shift in astronomy

A

geometric and heliocentric model

82
Q

world’s greatest inventions

A

wheel
steam engine
automobile
electricity
battery
communication
lightbulb
radio
television
transistor
computer
microscope and telescope
vaccine
penicillin

83
Q

revolutionized transportation and machinery

84
Q

powered the industrial revolution

A

steam engine

85
Q

efficient mechanized work, boosting productivity

A

steam engine

86
Q

personal transportation and mobility

A

automobile

87
Q

modern life, powering homes, industries, and technology

A

electricity

88
Q

innovations like lighting, computing, and telecomms

A

electricity

89
Q

crucial invention for portable power that powers devices from flashlights to mobile phones

90
Q

developed in energy storage and transportation

91
Q

transformed how we connect

A

communication

92
Q

changed the way information is shared globally

A

communication

93
Q

innovations of communication

A

telegraph
telephone
internet

94
Q

invented by thomas edison

95
Q

more accessible, safe, and practical widespread use of electricity

96
Q

wireless communication that allows transmission of sound and music

97
Q

for entertainment, news, and global communication

98
Q

changed entertainment and media consumption

A

television

99
Q

major influence on culture and social interaction

A

television

100
Q

development of modern electronics and computing

A

transistor

101
Q

work to entertain and communicate

102
Q

digital age and information revolution

103
Q

expanded human understanding of micro and macro worldws

A

microscope and telescope

104
Q

advanced biology, astronomy, and physics

A

microscope and telescope

105
Q

vital invention in public health to prevent infectious diseases

106
Q

increases life expectancy globally

107
Q

discovered by alexander fleming

A

penicillin

108
Q

first widely used antibiotic

A

penicillin

109
Q

beginning of modern medicine

A

penicillin

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