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Para Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

A drug acting to relieve pain.

A

Analgesic

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2
Q

Involuntary muscle jerk

A

Myoclonus

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3
Q

A movement disorder in which a person’s muscles contract uncontrollably. Twisting movements.

A

Dystonia

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4
Q

3 components of Cincinnati Stroke Scale

A

Facial droop, arm drift, slurred speech

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5
Q

The quality or fact of being performed involuntarily or unconsciously

A

Automaticity

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6
Q

Force of contraction of the heart muscle

A

Contractility

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7
Q

Cells sending signals to the rest of the heart muscles causing a contraction

A

Conductivity

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8
Q

Ability of cardiac cells to depolarize and repolarize during the action potential

A

Excitability

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9
Q

A low concentration of calcium in the blood.

A

Hypocalcemia

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10
Q

A low concentration of potassium in the blood

A

Hypokalemia

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11
Q

Inflammation of the myocardium.

A

Myocarditis

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12
Q

A series of cardiac conditions caused by an abrupt reduction in coronary artery blood flow.

A

Acute coronary syndromes

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13
Q

Cardiac ischemia that occurs when sudden narrowing or complete occlusion of a coronary artery leads to death (necrosis) of myocardial tissue.

A

Acute myocardial infarction

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14
Q

Sudden pain that occurs when the oxygen supply to the myocardium is insufficient to meet demand, causing ischemic changes in the tissue.

A

Angina Pectoris

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15
Q

An outpouching or bulge in the wall of a portion of the aorta, caused by weakening and dilation of the vessel wall.

A

Aortic aneurysm

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16
Q

The portion of the conduction system of the heart that consists of the AV node and the nonbranching portion of the bundle of His.

A

AV junction

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17
Q

An accumulation of fat inside a blood vessel that narrows the diameter of the lumen.

A

Atherosclerosis

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18
Q

A group of cells that slows the electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node before relaying it to the ventricles; located in the floor of the right atrium immediately behind the tricuspid valve and near the opening of the coronary sinus.

A

AV node 

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19
Q

The classic trio of signs associated with cardiac tamponade: narrowed pulse pressure, muffled heart tones, and jugular vein distention

A

Beck triad

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20
Q

A dysrhythmia in which every other complex is a premature complex, causing a normal–early beat–normal–early beat pattern; can be atrial, junctional, or ventricular.

A

Bigeminy

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21
Q

On an ECG, leads that contain both a positive and a negative pole: leads I, II, and III

A

Bipolar leads

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22
Q

Abnormal whooshing sounds indicating turbulent blood flow within a narrowed vessel; usually heard in the carotid arteries.

A

Bruits

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23
Q

An intraventricular conduction disturbance involving impedance of electrical impulses from the bundle of His to the right or left bundle branch.

A

bundle branch block (BBB) 

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24
Q

class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxygen demand from the heart.

A

ACE inhibitor

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25
Q

receptors that when stimulated, increase the heart rate and increase the heart’s strength of contraction or contractility

A

Beta 1

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26
Q

When these receptors are stimulated, they increase the diameter of the bronchioles to let more air in and out during breathing and they dilate the vessels of the skeletal muscles so they can receive the increased blood flow

A

Beta 2

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27
Q

These receptors are located on the arteries. When the receptor is stimulated by epinephrine or norepinephrine, the arteries constrict.

A

Alpha

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28
Q

Drugs ending in ‘olol’ - decreases heart rate and contractility which decreases blood pressure for the hypertensive patient and decreases the chance of a dysrhythmia after a heart attack by controlling the heart rate.

A

Beta Blockers

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29
Q

Alpha, Beta 1, Beta 2 receptors

A

Adrenergic receptors

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30
Q

receptors that respond to stress and shock. They are sometimes called the fight or flight receptors. Include increased heart rate, increased force of heart contraction, constriction of some blood vessels, dilation of the pupils and opening of the airways

A

Sympathetic

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31
Q

receptors responsible for relaxation, digestion and conserving energy. Include lowering the rate and force of contraction of the heart, activating the digestive system, narrowing the pupils and lowering the blood pressure

A

Parasympathetic

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32
Q

Impulses for the parasympathetic nervous system are transmitted through the

A

Vagus nerve

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33
Q

an ester of choline and acetic acid that serves as a transmitter substance of nerve impulses within the central and peripheral nervous systems. Chief neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system.

A

Acetylcholine

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34
Q

Atrial depolarization on EKG

A

P wave

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35
Q

AV node depolarization on EKG

A

Pause between P and QRS

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36
Q

Ventricular depolarization on EKG

A

QRS

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37
Q

muscle layer of the heart responsible for the pumping action of the heart and occupies 95% of the cardiomyocyte mass and is the thickest layer in the heart wall

A

Myocardium

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38
Q

Ventricular repolarization on EKG

A

T wave

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39
Q

Irregular rhythm produced by the pacemaker activity wandering from the SA Node to nearby atrial automaticity foci.

A

Wandering pacemaker

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40
Q

Regular rate and pattern; inspiration and expiration are equal

A

Eupnea

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41
Q

Increased respiratory rate; regular pattern

A

Tachypnea

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42
Q

A prolonged inspiratory hold that resembles a fish breathing; Brainstem injury

A

Apneustic

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43
Q

Decreased respiratory rate Regular pattern

A

Bradypnea

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44
Q

Absence of breathing

A

Apnea

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45
Q

Rapid, regular, deep respirations

A

Hyperpnea

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46
Q

Gradual increases and decreases in respirations with periods of apnea; Brainstem injury

A

Cheyne-Stokes

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47
Q

Extreme tachypnea and hyperpnea; Acidotic and DKA

A

Kussmaul

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48
Q

excessive carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, typically caused by inadequate respiration.

A

Hypercapnia

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49
Q

Difficulty or labored breathing

A

Dyspnea

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50
Q

A rapid, irregular atrial rhythm arising from multiple ectopic foci within the atria. Heart rate > 100

A

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia

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51
Q

Body’s overreaction to an infection or virus that can progress to shock.

A

Sepsis

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52
Q

The patient cannot extend the leg at the knee when the thigh is flexed.

A

Kernig sign

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53
Q

passive flexion of the leg on one side causes a similar movement in the opposite leg

A

Brudzinski sign

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54
Q

Antidysrhythmic
Slows conduction through the AV node

A

Adenosine (Adenocard)

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55
Q

Antidysrhythmic
Blocks sodium, calcium, potassium channels

A

Amiodarone

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56
Q

12mg rapid IV bolus followed by 10cc rapid flush

A

Adenosine dosage

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57
Q

300 mg IV Initial dose, 150 mg IV Second dose

A

Amiodarone dosage

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58
Q

Opioid analgesic
Binds to opiate receptors, producing analgesia and euphoria

A

Fentanyl

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59
Q

0.5 mcg/kg slow IV, maximum single dose of 50 mcg
repeat every 10 minutes to a max dose of 1.5 mcg/kg or 125 mcg

A

Fentanyl dosage

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60
Q

Vasodilator
Smooth muscle relaxant acting on vasculature and bronchioles

A

Nitroglycerin

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61
Q

Acute angina pectoris, ischemic chest pain, hypertension, CHF, pulmonary edema.

A

Nitroglycerin indications

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62
Q

0.4 mg sublingually; may repeat in 5 minutes until symptoms resolves.

A

Nitroglycerin dosage

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63
Q

Ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, stable V-tach with a pulse

A

Amiodarone indications

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64
Q

Chest pain uncertain etiology, PAIN.

A

Fentanyl indications

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65
Q

Carbohydrate, anti-hypoglycemic
Rapidly increases serum glucose levels

A

Dextrose

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66
Q

Hypoglycemia, altered level of consciousness

A

Dextrose indications

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67
Q

10%: 5ml/kg up to 250ml
25%: 2ml/kg up to 100ml (must be >1year)
50%: 1ml/kg up to 50ml (must be >25kg)

A

Dextrose dosage

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68
Q

Electrolyte (anion)
Increases cardiac contractile state (positive inotropic effect

A

Calcium Chloride

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69
Q

Hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, beta blocker and calcium channel blocker toxicity.

A

Calcium Chloride indications

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70
Q

10mg/Kg up to 1G

A

Calcium Chloride dosage

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71
Q

Electrolyte, Smooth Muscle relaxer, anti-inflammatory
Reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission

A

Magnesium Sulfate

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72
Q

Seizures of eclampsia, torsades de pointes, hypomagnesaemia, v-fib/pulseless v-tach that is refractory to Amiodarone, life threatening dysrhythmias due to digitalis toxicity

A

Magnesium Sulfate indications

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73
Q

1G IV/10 push

A

Magnesium Sulfate dosage

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74
Q

Tranquilizer, antipsychotic
Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain, eliminating dopamine neurotransmission

A

Haldol

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75
Q

Releasing or involving dopamine as a neurotransmitter

A

Dopaminergic

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76
Q

Capable of producing, altering, or releasing acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic

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77
Q

Acute psychotic episodes

A

Haldol indications

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78
Q

5mg IM ONLY

A

Haldol dosage

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79
Q

Hyperglycemic agent, insulin antagonist
Increases blood glucose level by stimulating glycogenesis

A

Glucagon

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80
Q

Altered level of consciousness when hypoglycemia is suspected

A

Glucagon indications

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81
Q

1mg IM; may repeat in 10 minutes

A

Glucagon dosage

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82
Q

Loop diuretic
Used to treat fluid retention (edema)

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

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83
Q

CHF, pulmonary edema, hypertensive crisis

A

Furosemide (Lasix) indications

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84
Q

Stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of catecholamines

A

Sympathomimetic drugs

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85
Q

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine

A

Catecholamines

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86
Q

Idiopathic seizure

A

The cause is unknown

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87
Q

Applying pressure to the Supraorbital foramen

A

Elicits a painful stimuli response

88
Q

Chemicals that relay electrically conducted signals from one neuron to another

A

Neurotransmitters

89
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Intestinal infection marked by diarrhea, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and fever

90
Q

Hematochezia

A

Passage of fresh blood through the anus path

91
Q

Grey Turner sign

A

Flank bruising

92
Q

Inflammation of the prostate gland

A

Prostatitis

93
Q

Murphy sign

A

Sudden stop in inspiration due to sharp pain when pressure is applied to the right upper quadrant

94
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

95
Q

Incarcerated hernia

A

Herniated tissue becomes trapped in the abdominal wall

96
Q

Peptic ulcer

A

Open sores in the inside lining if your stomach

97
Q

Peritonitis

A

Swelling and redness of the lining of your stomach and abdomen. Lining is call the peritoneum.

98
Q

Visceral pain

A

Vague, poorly localized

99
Q

Most of the digestive system occurs in the

A

Small intestine

100
Q

Conversion of glycogen to glucose occurs in the

A

Liver

101
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdomen

102
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

103
Q

Normal menstruation blood discharge

A

25 to 65 mL

104
Q

Dysuria

A

Pain or burning when urinating

105
Q

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemia

A

Extremely high blood glucose level without the presence of ketones

106
Q

Majority of circulating white blood cells

A

Neutrophils

107
Q

Primary site for cell production in the body

A

Bone marrow

108
Q

High concentration of red blood cells

A

Polycythaemia

109
Q

Proportion of red blood cells in your blood

A

Hematocrit

110
Q

Hepatitis B is also referred to as

A

Serum hepatitis

111
Q

Vertigo or loss of balance following an ear infection or upper respiratory infection is MOST consistent with

A

Labyrinthitis

112
Q

Life-threatening diffuse cellulitis of the soft tissue of the floor of the mouth and neck

A

Ludwig Angina

113
Q

Sometimes the first sign people notice of a life-threatening underlying condition like a stroke or aneurysm, characterized by unequal pupil sizes.

A

Anisocoria

114
Q

The infection or inflammation of pouches that can form in your intestines. These pouches are called diverticula.

A

Diverticulitis

115
Q

Occurs when your bone marrow doesn’t make enough platelets

A

Thrombocytopenia

116
Q

A disorder in which blood doesn’t clot normally

A

Hemophilia

117
Q

Poor muscle control that causes clumsy voluntary movements

A

Ataxia

118
Q

Slurring of the upstroke of the first part of the QRS complex that occurs in Wolff- Parkinson-White syndrome

A

Delta Wave

119
Q

Inflammation of the endocardium as a result of infection

A

endocarditis

120
Q

The use of medications that act to dissolve blood clot

A

fibrinolytic therapy

121
Q

A delay in the conduction of the depolarizing impulse from the SA node to the ventricles, prolonging the PR interval.

A

first-degree heart block

122
Q

 A genetic condition in which the heart muscle wall is unusually thick, requiring the heart to pump harder to eject blood from the left ventricle.

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

123
Q

Related to only the ventricles; produced by the ventricles.

A

idioventricular

124
Q

The three atrial pathways of electrical conduction that transmit impulses from the SA node to the AV node.

A

internodal pathways

125
Q

Tissue anoxia caused by diminished blood flow, usually as a result of narrowing or occlusion of an artery.

A

Ischemia

126
Q

A dysrhythmia arising from the atrioventricular junction with an intrinsic rate of 40 to 60 beats/min; also called junctional rhythm.

A

junctional escape rhythm

127
Q

The hollow interior space within an artery or other hollow structure.

A

lumen

128
Q

Having a common shape.

A

monomorphic

129
Q

Arising from or pertaining to many foci or locations.

A

multifocal

130
Q

The death of tissue, usually caused by a cessation of its blood supply.

A

necrosis

131
Q

Severe dyspnea experienced when lying down that is relieved by a change in position, such as sitting up or standing.

A

orthopnea

132
Q

Severe shortness of breath occurring at night after several hours of recumbency, during which fluid pools in the lungs.

A

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

133
Q

Inflammation of the pericardial sac

A

pericarditis

134
Q

Early depolarization of ventricular tissue by means of an accessory pathway between the atria and ventricles.

A

preexcitation

135
Q

A type of angina that occurs when a person is at rest, when oxygen needs are minimal; also called vasospastic angina.

A

Prinzmetal angina

136
Q

Congestion of the pulmonary air spaces with exudate and foam, often secondary to left ventricular failure.

A

pulmonary edema

137
Q

Obstruction in one or more pulmonary arteries by a solid, liquid, or gas that has swept through the right side of the heart into the lungs.

A

pulmonary embolism

138
Q

Spread of an impulse through tissue already stimulated by that same impulse.

A

reentry

139
Q

A short period immediately after depolarization during which the myocytes have not yet repolarized and are unable to fire or conduct an impulse.

A

refractory period

140
Q

Treatment intended to facilitate the resumption of blood flow through a blocked vessel

A

reperfusion therapy

141
Q

Artery that provides oxygenated blood to the walls of the right atrium and ventricle

A

right coronary artery

142
Q

A thick wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart.

A

Septum

143
Q

A variation of cycling of a sinus rhythm that is often associated with respiratory cycle fluctuations; the rate increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration.

A

sinus dysrhythmia

144
Q

Angina pectoris characterized by periodic pain with a predictable pattern.

A

stable angina

145
Q

The use of a synchronized direct current (DC) electric shock to convert a tachydysrhythmia

A

synchronized cardioversion

146
Q

A blood clot that initially formed within a blood vessel but is now circulating through the bloodstream.

A

thromboembolism

147
Q

A fixed blood clot that can obstruct passage of blood flow through an artery.

A

Thrombus

148
Q

A device that depolarize myocardial tissue by sending a small electrical charge through the skin of the chest between one externally placed pacing pad and another

A

transcutaneous pacemaker

149
Q

An intervention used to depolarize heart muscle using an external stimulus; pads placed on the patient’s chest deliver electrical energy to the heart, causing muscle contraction.

A

transcutaneous pacing

150
Q

A dysrhythmia in which every third complex is a premature complex

A

Trigeminy

151
Q

A small, flat wave sometimes seen after the T wave and before the next P wave

A

U wave

152
Q

Angina pectoris characterized by a variable, unpredictable pattern of pain, which may signal an impending acute myocardial infarction

A

unstable angina

153
Q

Straining or forced exhalation against a closed glottis, the effect of which is to stimulate the vagus nerve, thereby slowing the heart rate

A

Valsalva maneuver

154
Q

A preexcitation syndrome characterized by a short PR interval, a delta wave, a widened QRS complex, and nonspecific ST-T wave changes, indicating the presence of an accessory pathway.

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White

155
Q

One of the two branches of the left main coronary artery; branches of the LAD supply the left ventricle, interventricular septum, and part of the right ventricle.

A

left anterior descending artery

156
Q

The slowing down of voluntary body movements; found in patients with Parkinson disease.

A

bradykinesia

157
Q

Type of seizure movement involving the contraction and relaxation of muscle groups.

A

clonic activity

158
Q

Abnormal extension of the arms with rotation of the wrists along with the toes pointed

A

decerebrate posturing

159
Q

 Abnormal flexion of the arms toward the chest with the toes pointed

A

decorticate posturing

160
Q

Contractions of body into bizarre positions

A

dystonia

161
Q

A rare condition that begins as a sensation of weakness and tingling in the legs, moving to the arms and thorax; the disorder can lead to paralysis within 2 weeks

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

162
Q

Weakness of one side of the body.

A

hemiparesis

163
Q

Paralysis of one side of the body.

A

hemiplegia

164
Q

One of the two main types of stroke; occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain.

A

hemorrhagic stroke

165
Q

Occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage, such as a blood clot, within an artery.

A

Ischemic stroke

166
Q

An autoimmune condition in which the body attacks the myelin that insulates the brain and spinal cord, causing scarring.

A

multiple sclerosis

167
Q

A tumor.

A

neoplasm

168
Q

Involuntary, rhythmic shaking of the eyes.

A

nystagmus

169
Q

Sensation of tingling or numbness in a body part.

A

paresthesia

170
Q

A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes, or consecutive seizures without a return to consciousness between seizures.

A

status epilepticus

171
Q

A type of seizure movement involving the constant contraction and trembling of muscle groups.

A

tonic activity

172
Q

A disorder in which brain cells temporarily stop working because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset.

A

transient ischemic attack

173
Q

The involuntary contraction of the mouth resulting in clenched teeth

A

trismus

174
Q

Severe renal failure resulting in the buildup of waste products within the blood; eventually impairs brain function.

A

uremia

175
Q

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs.

A

atelectasis

176
Q

Deep cyanosis of the face and neck that extends across the chest and back; associated with little or no blood flow; a particularly ominous sign.

A

cape cyanosis

177
Q

Contorted positioning of the hand or foot in which the fingers or toes flex in a clawlike manner; may be caused by hyperventilation.

A

carpopedal spasm

178
Q

A common disease of infancy and childhood caused by upper airway obstruction and characterized by stridor, hoarseness, and a barking cough.

A

croup

179
Q

The production of large amounts of urine by the kidney.

A

diuresis

180
Q

A sitting position with the head elevated to a 90° angle

A

Fowler

181
Q

Coughing up blood in the sputum.

A

hemoptysis

182
Q

The visible bulging of the jugular veins when a patient is in a semi-Fowler or full Fowler position; indicates inadequate blood movement through the heart and/or lungs

A

jugular venous distention

183
Q

A respiratory pattern characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis, with marked hyperpnea and tachypnea; represents the body’s attempt to compensate for the acidosis.

A

Kussmaul respirations

184
Q

Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi.

A

laryngotracheobronchitis

185
Q

The transfer of a disease from one organ or part of the body to another that is not directly connected to the original site; often used to describe a cancer that has spread to another part of the body

A

metastasis

186
Q

The functional portions of a gland or solid organ.

A

parenchyma

187
Q

Excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.

A

pleural effusion

188
Q

The production of too many red blood cells over time, making the blood thick; a characteristic of people with chronic lung disease and chronic hypoxia

A

polycythemia

189
Q

Full of pus; having the character of pus.

A

purulent

190
Q

A term used to describe any condition that causes hyperreactive bronchioles and bronchospasm in response to certain triggers.

A

reactive airway disease

191
Q

The drawing in of the intercostal muscles and the muscles above the clavicles that can occur in respiratory distress.

A

retractions

192
Q

A harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound representing air moving past an obstruction within or immediately above the glottic opening.

A

stridor

193
Q

Vibrations in the chest that can be felt with a hand on the chest as the patient breathes.

A

tactile fremitus

194
Q

A reduced amount of blood flow

A

Hypoperfusion

195
Q

Redundant circulation that maintains blood supply and perfusion in cases of arterial blockage or disease

A

Collateral circulation

196
Q

Law of the Heart that states that the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood filling the heart

A

Frank-Starling’s

197
Q

Small amounts of blood mixed with sputum (or more seriously, large amounts of bright red blood) brought up by a forceful cough.

A

Hemoptysis

198
Q

Excessive sweating due to a secondary condition

A

Diaphoresis

199
Q

A tear of the tissue of your lower esophagus

A

Mallory-Weiss tear

200
Q

A rupture of your esophagus caused by tremendous stress

A

Boerhaave’s syndrome

201
Q

A clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain

A

Levine’s sign

202
Q

Complete or partial collapse of a lung or a section (lobe) of a lung

A

Atelectasis

203
Q

Adenosine Dosage

A

12mg rapid IV and 10mg flush
May repeat once

204
Q

Adenosine supply

A

12mg/4ml prefilled syringe

205
Q

Albuterol dosage

A

5mg neb
2.5 neb pediatric
May repeat twice

206
Q

Amiodarone dosage

A

300mg IV. Repeat 150mg IV.
5mg/kg IV. No repeat

207
Q

Amiodarone supply

A

150mg/3ml pre filled syringe

208
Q

Atropine dosage

A

0.5mg IV. May repeat every 5 minutes. Max of 3mg.

0.02mg/kg IV max dose 0.5mg. May repeat once.

209
Q

Atropine organophosphate dosage

A

2mg IV/IM. Repeat 3-5 mins

0.05mg/kg IV/IM.

210
Q

Atropine supply

A

1mg/10ml prefilled syringe

211
Q

Calcium chloride dosage

A

10mg/kg IV. Max dose of 1g

212
Q

Calcium chloride supply

A

1g in 10ml prefilled syringe

213
Q

Dextrose dosage

A

D50 1ml/kg up to 50ml

214
Q

Diazepam (Valium) dosage

A

5mg IV or 10mg IM

215
Q

Diazepam (Valium) supply

A

10mg/2ml prefilled syringe

216
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem) dosage

Tachycardia

A

0.25mg/kg slow IV over 2 mins

217
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem) supply

Tachycardia

A

25mg in 5ml vial

Paramedic (1 decks)

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