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parasitology > PARA LAB - LAB SAFETY > Flashcards

PARA LAB - LAB SAFETY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the safest key in the laboratory?

A

Practice preventive measures

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2
Q

What is Practice Standard Precautions

A

We have to be careful with all the biological specimens in the laboratory

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3
Q

Examples of Standard Precautions

A

Handwashing, Usage of PPE

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4
Q

What are the potential risk in the laboratory

A
  1. Ingestion of Eggs/Ova
  2. Skin Penetration of Infective Larva
  3. Infection of non parasitic agent
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5
Q

What are the Basic Laboratory Rules

A
  • Keep the work areas uncluttered
  • Wash your hands with soap and water BEFORE ENTERING AND AFTER LEAVING THE LABORATORY
  • Always wear your laboratory coat
  • Always wear gloves
  • Use proper shoes
  • Handle toxic substances under a safety hood
  • Labell all preparations and samples to be analyzed
  • Dispose of all waste appropriately and safely
  • Clean and disinfect the work area
  • Do not take out the laboratory notepad and other things inside because they are potentially contaminated
  • Do not store food and/or drinks
  • Do not eat and/or drink
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6
Q

LABORATORY SAFETY: FIXED STOOL SPECIMEN

A

Fixed - means it killed all the infectious agent
but some parasites even formalinized may still be infectious

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7
Q

What to do when there is still a presence of Ascaris Egg to Fixed Stool Specimen

A

Heat the formalin to kill the ascaris egg

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8
Q

Plasmodium Species

A

causative agent of malaria

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9
Q

Wuchureria

A

Causative agent of Filariasis

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10
Q

Babesia

A

Causative agent of Babesiosis

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11
Q

When shoulld blood be collected

A

Before treatment is initiated

treatment can give u false negative result

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12
Q

T/F when malaria and babesiosis are suspected, blood smears should be examined without delay

A

True

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13
Q

T/F Multiple blood smears might be needed

A

True - parasitimua (blood in parasite) can fluctuate

multiple blood smears from different time periods

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14
Q

The microfilariae is found at night time, and
this is seen in Wuchereria. What periodicity is being described

A

Nocturnal Periodicity

10 pm - 2 am

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15
Q

This is a microfilariae is found at day time, and an example is the Loa Loa. What periodicity is being described?

A

Diurnal Periodicty

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16
Q

Where is fecal specimen best collected

A

Clean, wide-mouthed containers

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17
Q

Why should wide-mouthed containers

A

To easily collect the stool specimen

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18
Q

What is the proper collection of fecal specimen

A
  • do not get the specimen coming from the bowl it might be contaminated - there might be freeliving specimen that might be mistaken as a parasite
  • DEFACATE ON A CARDBOARD THEN USE THE SCOOP
  • Direct collection is also acceptable but not recommended
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19
Q

What are the necessary information to be submitted in a fecal specimen

A
  • Patient’s name
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Date/Time of collection
  • Requesting Physician
  • Requested Procedure
  • Presumptive diagnosis
  • Prior infection
  • Travel history
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20
Q

In a fecal specimen where should the label be placed

A

On the body, not the cap

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21
Q

T/F Intake of antacids, anti-diarrheals, barium, bismuth, laxatives may cause a formation of CRYSTALLINE RESIDUE

A

True

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22
Q

If a patient has taken antacids, anti-diarrheals, barium, bismuth, laxatives how many days should the patient wait before submitting the specimen

A

one week after their last drug intake

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23
Q

What residue might be form in the intake of antacids, anti-diarrheals, barium, bismuth, laxatives

A

crystalline resiudue

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24
Q

Intake of Antibiotics

A

decreases the number of protozoans

it can be positive / negative depending on the time

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25
Q

What is the best time to collect specimen

A

Before the patient intakes drugs and antibiotics

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26
Q

Amount of stool to be collected

A

Dictated by the techniques that will be used

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27
Q

Amount of stool to be collected for routine examination

A

thumb of an average person

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28
Q

Amount of stool to be collected for watery stool

A

5-6 tablespoon worth

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29
Q

What to use collecting water stool specimen

A

Clean ice cream bowl

30
Q

Processing water stool specimen

A

Within 30 minutes, must be processed immediately

31
Q

Why should water stool specimen to be processed within 30 minutes

A

they must be processed immediately and this is because it might contain PROTOZOAN TROPHOZOITES

32
Q

Why must contamination with toilet water, urine, or soil must be prevented?

A
  • Can destroy protozoan trophozoites
  • May contain free-living organisms that would complicate diagnosis of infections
33
Q

Why must watery specimen be processed within 30 minutes

A

may contain protozoan trophozoites that may die 30 minutes to 1 hour after passage

34
Q

What if there is a delay in specimen examination

A

Preservative must be added

35
Q

T/F Trophozoites are killed by refrigeration

A

True

36
Q

T/F Protozoans trophoized are usually isolated in water specimen

A

True

37
Q

What refrigerator temperature is acceptable

A

3 - 5 C*

38
Q

T/F Helminth eggs and protozoan cyst are usally damaged in regfrigerator

A

False - they are usually not damaged

39
Q

T/F Freezing stool sample may cause drying and destruction of protozoan parasites

A

True

40
Q

T/F The longer we put the specimen in the refrigerator the longer it will dry

A

True

41
Q

When putting the specimen in the refrigerator what must be added?

A

Stool Preservatives

42
Q

A stool preservative that is an all-purpose fixative and most commonly used

A

Formalin

43
Q

T/F Protozoans are inadequately preserved in Formalin

A

True

44
Q

T/F 5% concentration is recommendd for helminth eggs and larvae

A

False - 5% concentration is for protozoan cyst

45
Q

T/F 10% Concentration is recommended for protozoan cyst

A

False - 10% concentration is recommended for helminth eggs and larvae

46
Q

What buffer is used with formalin to preserve the morphological characteristics of organisms

A

Sodium Phosphate

47
Q

T/F - Preserved stool can be concentrated using formalin-ether/ethyl acetate concentration technique

A

True

48
Q

What is the advantage of FECT

A

easy to prepare; long shelf life; easily preserves the cysts, eggs, and larvae

49
Q

What is the disadvantage of FECT

A

never used for permanent staining; protozoan trophozoites are not fixed or preserved completely (reason why they get destroyed)

50
Q

What is the best preservative used to preserve fresh stool in the peparation for staining the stool smears

A

Schaudinn’s Solution - contains mercuric chloride

51
Q

Advantage of Mercuric Chloride

A

Used for permanent staining; excellent for preserving the morphology of protozoan cysts and trophozoite

52
Q

Disadvantage of Mercuric Chloride

A

Highly toxic to humans;
problems of mercury disposal may arise

53
Q

What acts as an adhesive and a partner of Schaudinn’s Solution

A

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

54
Q

A plastic resin to adhere stool sample onto a slide

A

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

55
Q

Advantage of PVA

A

elated to the preservation of protozoan cysts and trophozoites for permanent staining

56
Q

Disadvantage of PVA

A

associated with toxicity because of the use of mercuric chloride

57
Q

What is a substitute for Schaudinn’s solution

A

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (MIF)

58
Q

Staining components of MIF

A

Merthiolate and Iodine

59
Q

Other term for Merthiolate

A

Thimerosal

60
Q

In MIF what acts as a preservative

A

Formalin

61
Q

T/F MIF yields lower or unsatisfactory result

A

True

62
Q

aside from MIF this is also a substitude for Schaudinn’s Solution

A

Sodium Acetate-Acetic Acid Formaline (SAF)

63
Q

Advantage of
Sodium Acetate-Acetic Acid Formalin (SAF)

A

Not containing mercuric chloride

64
Q

A liquid fixative with a long shelf-life

A

Sodium Acetate-Acetic Acid Formalin (SAF)

65
Q

Disadvantage of SAF

A

not as sharp after staining compared with those fixed with PVA or Schaudinn’s solution

66
Q

T/F Some containers already contain preservatives that are readily available in the market

A

True

67
Q

PROPER DISPOSAL OF FRESH STOOL SAMPLE

A

Blood specimens are always soaked first in a 1:10 hypochlorite solution

68
Q

T/F Decontaminate/Disinfect the blood before discarding

A

True

69
Q

T/F yellow waste container is used for anatomical waste (e.g. hand, organs, tissues).

A

False - red waste container

70
Q

T/F Red waste container is used for swabs, dressings, aprons, pads, and nappies.

A

False - Yellow waste container

parasitology (2 decks)

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