PARA by Sir Mandanas Flashcards
Introduced aseptic surgery
Joseph Lister
First discovery of DNA
Fredrick Miescher
Discovered that DNA contained phosphates
Phoebus A. T. Levine
Discovered using X-ray crystallography that DNA is helical
Rosalind Franklin
Described the 3D structure of the DNA molecule
James Watson and Francis
1st to described bacteria and called “beasties”
Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
Important pioneers for the promotion of asepsis
Ignatz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister
Germ theory of disease
Robert Koch
-Many disease are caused by mircoor
-The etiologic agent can be isolated by an infected person
-Environmental factor contributes to disease
How will you differentiate adult from Larva E.vermicularis?
Cephalic alae
Similarity of adult and Larva E.vermicularis
Bulbed esophagus
Parasite that is allergic to coffee enema (black coffee)
Trichuris
Enterobius
Barberspole like
Parastrongylus cantonensis
Trophozoite-cyst conversion is very important to life cycles of?
a. Balantdium
b. Entamoeba
c. Giardia
d. All of the above
All of the above
The sporogonic life cycle of Plasmodium takes place in?
a. man
b. mosquito
c. A & B
d. red blood cells
mosquito
Single celled protozoan with four pairs of flagella and ventral adhesive disk
a. Trichimonas vaginalis
b. Chilomastix mesnili
c. Trypanosoma brucei
d. Giardia intestinalis
Giardia intestinalis
Specimens used in isolating Trichomonas vaginalis
a. urine
b. AOTA
c. prostatic secretion
d. urethral discharge
AOTA
Medina/Dragon worm”
a. Dracunculus medinensis
b. Syngamus laryngeus
c. Trichinella spiralis
d. Onchocerca volvulus
Dracunculus medinensis
All of the following nematodes can be harvested in Zinc Sulphate floatation except?
a. Giant intestinal nematode
b. threadworm
c. Pudoc worm
d. cat hookworm
Pudoc worm
Which parasites causes “snail fever”?
a. Schistosoma
b. Angiostrongylus
c. Garrison’s fluke
d. AOTA
Schistosoma
Nonmotile, intracellular form of Trypanosoma cruzi
a. epimastigote
b. trypomastigote
c. amastigote
d. promastigote
amastigote
Mode of transmission of Schistosoma japonicum
a. skin penetration
b. ingestion of snail
c. penetration of snail
d. ingestion of aquatic plants
skin penetration
Definitive host of the broad fish tapeworm
a. fish
b. copepod
c. man
d. snail
man
What is the infective stage of the beef tapeworm
a. cysticercus bovis
b. cercocystis bovis
c. plerocercoid larva
d. sparganum
cysticercus bovis
Possible vectors for Leishmania spp.
I. Sand fly
II. Chrysops
III. Aedes
IV. Lutzomyia
a. I,II,III
b. I,II,IV
c. I, IV
d. I only
I, IV
Causes “ping-pong’s disease”
a. Cryptosporidium spp.
b. AOTA
c. Giardia lamblia
d. Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Usual location of the pork tapeworm
a. small intestine
b. large intestine
c. stomach
d. lungs
small intestine
“Old fashioned electric bulb appearance of egg”
a. Schistosoma japonicum
b. AOTA
c. Enterobius vermicularis
d. Chinese liver fluke
Chinese liver fluke
“Medina/Dragon worm”
a. Dracunculus medinensis
b. Syngamus laryngeus
c. Trichinella spiralis
d. Onchocerca volvulus
Dracunculus medinensis
Which parasites causes “snail fever”?
a. Schistosoma
b. Angiostrongylus
c. Garrison’s fluke
d. AOTA
Schistosoma
Transformation of egg to filariform larva of hookworms takes place in?
a. C & D
b. pus formed/blisters
c. small intestine
d. soil
soil
Free living amoeba which causes keratitis and amebic encephalitis
a. Entamoeba histolytica
b. Acanthamoeba spp.
c. A & B
d. Naegleria
Acanthamoeba spp.
Mode of transmission of Bancroft’s filarial worm
a. ingestion of 3rd stage larva
b. AOTA
c. mosquito borne
d. direct penetration of 3rd stage larva
mosquito borne
Which parasite historically inflicted Charles Darwin during his voyage in South America?
a. Enterobius vermicularis
b. Plasmodium vivax
c. Trypanosoma cruzi
d. Necator americanus
Trypanosoma cruzi
Mode of infection for the beef tapeworm
a. skin penetration of larva
b. ingestion of beef with larva
c. ingestion of cattle stools
d. AOTA
ingestion of beef with larva
All of the following can possibly be acquired through sexual contact, except
I. Entamoeba histolytica
II. Giardia lamblia
III. Trichomonas vaginalis
a. II, III
b. I,II
c. I only
d. NOTA
NOTA
The term “gravid” used in Parasitology denotes
a. ”extreme length”
b. “laying larva”
c. “pregnant”
d. “enlarged size”
“pregnant”
Parasitology is the study of
a. parasitic viruses
b. parasitic BACTERIA
c. parasitic eukaryotes and prokaryotes
d. parasitic fungi
parasitic eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Which of the following is most effective in preventing Giardia infection?
a. drinking bottled water only
b. cooking all food
c. sexual abstinence
d. application of insect repellents
drinking bottled water only
Which of the following arthropods is responsible for transmitting the deadliest parasitic disease?
a. mosquitoes
b. fleas
c. thick
d. true bugs
mosquitoes
Filarifom larva of Necator americanus must pass through which organ to mature?
a. brain
b. bladder
c. liver
d. lung
lung
Which parasite given here are resistant to routine boiling?
I. Giardia
II. Cryptosporidium
III. Toxoplasma
IV. Plasmodium
a. III, IV
b. II, III, IV
c. I, III
d. I,II,III, IV
I, III
Which of the ff. parasites are acquired through fecal-oral & ingestion?
I. Cyclospora
II. Fasciola
III. Taenia
IV. Toxoplasma
a. 1,II,III
b. II,III
c. I, II,III,IV
d. II,III,IV
I, II,III,IV
Balantidium coli can be distinguished from Entamoeba histolytica microscopically because the former has ?
a. trophozoite
b. liver abscess
c. cilia
d. cyst
cilia
Which parasite may be transmitted to humans by cat mess/litter boxes?
a. Ancylostoma duodenale
b. Necator americanus
c. Toxoplasma gondii
d. Plasmodium falciparum
Toxoplasma gondii
What is the most common mode of transmission of parasites?
a. sexual contact
b. ingestion
c. skin penetration
d. AOTA
ingestion
Which of the ff. are the best specimens for Naegleria?
I. Corneal scrapings
II. CSF
III. Stools
IV. Biopsy material
a. I,II
b. I,II,III
c. I,II,III,IV
d. I,II,IV
I,II,IV
The most common protozoan causing disease in people of industrialized nations
a. Plasmodium falciparum
b. Enterobius vermicularis
c. Trichomonas vaginalis
d. Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichomonas vaginalis
Infection of Trichomonas vaginalis in women causes;
a. vaginosis
b. vaginitis
c. chlamydial infection
d. gonococcal vaginitis
vaginitis
Common mode of transmission of Fasciola hepatica
a. ingestion of sheep meat
b. ingestion of plants
c. A & B
d. ingestion of fish
ingestion of plants
Nonmotile, intracellular form of Trypanosoma cruzi
a. epimastigote
b. trypomastigote
c. amastigote
d. promastigote
amastigote
Which parasite causes “Oriental-sore”?
a. Paragonimus westermani
b. Leishmania tropica
c. Chlonorchis sinensis
d. Fasciola gigantica
Leishmania tropica
Parasitic disease characterized by transient diarrhea in healty persons and severe diarrhea type
in immunocompromised persons
a. trichomoniasis
b. cochin china diarrhea c. giardiasis
d. cryptosporidiosis
cryptosporidiosis
Parasite acquired through accidental ingestion of uncooked crayfish
a. Metagonimus spp.
b. Heterophyes heterophyes
c. lung fluke
d. Chinese liver fluke
lung fluke
Aside from the same infective and diagnostic life stages, which characteristic is similar to all filarial worms?
a. capacity for elephantiasis
b. member of Digenea
c. periodicity
d. arthropod vector
arthropod vector
Eggs of pinworm are usually diagnosed in what specimen?
a. duodenal aspirate
b. AOTA
c. tape swabs
d. stool
tape swabs
Feeding, replicative and invasive form of Entamoeba histolytica
a. 3rd stage larva
b. larva
c. cyst
d. trophozoite
trophozoite
The microfilariae are sheathed. The anterior is rounded, and the posterior tapers to a point. There are no nuclei in the tail
a. Bancroft’s filarial worm
b. Eyeworm
c. Mansonella streptocerca
d. Brugia malay
Bancroft’s filarial worm
Ameba with “basket shaped nucleus”
a. Entamoeba coli
b. Iodamoeba butshlii
c. Entamoba hartmanii
d. Entamoeba polecki
Iodamoeba butshlii
Which parameter is not encountered during routine macroscopic stool examination for
Parasitology?
a. proglottid inspection
b. fecal sediments
c. color
d. mucous flecks
fecal sediments
All of the following are correct diagnostic forms of parasite given in peripheral smear, except?
a. Tachyzoite- Toxoplasma
b. Microfilaria- Wuchereria
c. Schizont- Plasmodium
d. Trypomastigote- Acute T.cruzi
Tachyzoite- Toxoplasma
Which form of Entamoeba histolytica is seen following a liver aspirate?
a. ciliated trophozoite
b. thorny trophozoite
c. trophozoite
d. flagellated dormant cyst
trophozoite
All of the following cysts of parasites are seen in stools, except?
a. Balantidium coli
b. Giardia lamblia
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas hominis
All of the following parasites harbors the eggs in urine, except?
a. Enterobius
b. Wuchereria
c. Dioctophyma
d. Schistosoma haematobium
Wuchereria
Trophozoites of what parasite can infect lungs
I. Paragonimus
II. Entamoeba histolytica III. Ascaris
IV. Threadworm
a. I,III,IV
b. II only
c. III, IV
d. II, III, IV
II only
Which is not a correct parasite-diagnostic form seen in skin?
a. amastigote- Leishmania tropica
b. microfilaria- blinding worm
c. 3rd stage larva- guinea worm
d. encysted larvae- Trichinella
encysted larvae- Trichinella
What is a direct effect of iodine in parasitic smears?
a. availability of reagents
b. NOTA
c. color intensity
d. immobilization of parasites
immobilization of parasites
What is the major difference of D’Antoni’s Iodine from Lugol’s Iodine?
a. latter is more concerned with nuclear and cytoplasmic details
b. former is commonly employed in biologic determination other than parasites
c. latter is strictly used for parasitologic analysis
d. former has lesser amount of iodine/crystals
former has lesser amount of iodine/crystals
What is the most common mode of transmission of parasites?
a. sexual contact
b. ingestion
c. skin penetration
d. AOTA
ingestion
Parasite acquired through accidental ingestion of uncooked crayfish
a. Metagonimus spp.
b. Heterophyes heterophyes
c. lung fluke
d. Chinese liver fluke
lung fluke
What type of blood is used for knott’s concentration?
a. arterial
c. venous
b. lysed blood
d. capillary
venous
Which parameter is not encountered during routine macroscopic stool examination for
Parasitology?
a. proglottid inspection
b. fecal sediments
c. color
d. mucous flecks
fecal sediments
Which form of Entamoeba histolytica is seen following a liver aspirate?
a. ciliated trophozoite
b. thorny trophozoite
c. trophozoite
d. flagellated dormant cyst
trophozoite
All of the following cysts of parasites are seen in stools, except?
a. Balantidium coli
b. Giardia lamblia
c. Entamoeba histolytica
d. Trichomonas hominis
Giardia lamblia
Gold standard for pinworm
a. AOTA
b. ELISA
c. stool culture
d. scotch tape swab
scotch tape swab
This technique exploits the property of the Strongyloides larva to migrate from cooler to warmer area
a. Bentonite
b. Boeck & Drbohlav
c. Harada Mori
d. Beck’s
Harada Mori
Observation of E.histolytica cysts
a. asymptomatic
b. carrier
c. AOTA
d. chronic infection
asymptomatic
All of the following parasites causes a delayed type reaction for intradermal testing, except?
a. Leishmania
b. Trypanosoma
c. Toxoplasma
d. Trichinella
Trichinella
Which of the following is not carried by cyclops?
a. broad fish tapeworm
b. Leishmania
c. Dracunculus
d. Gnathostoma
Leishmania
Generally, which parasite cannot cause anemia?
a. Necator americanus
b. Giardia
c. Plasmodium
d. D. latum
Giardia
”Larva currens” is usually caused by what parasite?
a. threadworm
b. blinding worm
c. fiery serpent
d. AOTA
threadworm
Which parasite trematode given below cannot be associated with malignancy?
a. Chlonorchis sinensis
b. Taenia solium
c. Schistosoma haematobium
d. Opistorchis spp.
Taenia solium
All of the following protozoans causes opportunistic infections with immunocompromised hosts, except?
a. Strongyloides
b. Toxoplasma
c. Giardia lamblia
d. Entamoeba histolytica
Strongyloides
Which organism is the natural definitive and reservoir host of Capillaria?
a. fish
b. birds
c. snail
d. humans
birds
Vitamin malabsorption for Ascaris lumbricoides
a. Vit B
b. albumin
c. Vit A
d. vit C
Vit A
Which parasite given below has the charactertistic adult worm bearing a wing like expansion of
the cuticle near the anterior end?
a. Dracunculus
b. Whipworm
c. Oesophagostomum
d. pinworm
pinworm
Vector for African Eyeworm
a. chrysops
b. culicoides
c. cone –nosed bug
d. cyclops
chrysops
Identify the parasite isolated: Stool diagnostics—detects barrel shaped eggs with mucus plugs at
the ends, patient has Peripheral blood Eosinophilia and Increased serum IgE level
a. Trypanosoma cruzi
b. Capillaria hepatica
c. Trichinella
d. Trichiuris
Trichiuris
Only known infected host of the Enterobius vermicularis?
a. humans
b. snails
c. pigs
d. cattles
humans
“Cat liver fluke”
a. Toxocara cati
b. Ancylostoma braziliensis
c. Paragonimus siamiensis
d. Opistorchis felineus
Opistorchis felineus
It is the most pathogenic species among the schistosomes.
a. haematobium
b. intercalatum
c. japonicum
d. mansoni
japonicum
Infective stage of pinworm
a. adult worm
b. 3rd stage larva
c. embryonated egg
d. fertilized egg
embryonated egg
Circulating anodic & cathodic antigen is commonly used in?
a. Onchocerca
b. Schistosome
c. Babesia
d. Cytoisospora
Schistosome
Which tapeworm is capable of autoreinfection?
I. Hymenolepis nana
II. Enterobius vermicularis
III. Strongyloides stercoralis
IV. Capillaria spp.
a. II,III,IV
b. I,II
c. I
d. I,II,III
I
Reservoir host of Balantidium coli
a. C & D
b. snail
c. human
d. pig
pig
Non feeding life stage of protozoans
a. embryo
b. embryonated larva
c. trophozoite
d. cyst
cyst
Most common malarial parasite worldwide
a. falciparum
b. ovale
c. malariae
d. vivax
vivax
Which of the ff. parasites are viviparous?
a. Brugia
b. Loa loa
c. Wuchereria
d. AOTA
AOTA
“String of beads” appearance of esophagus
a. whipworm
b. Entamoeba histolytica c. Strongyloides stercoralis
d. Enterobius vermicularis
whipworm
“Guitar shaped egg”
a. Hookworm egg
b. Giardia immature cyst c. Trichiuris sp.
d. Capillaria spp.
Capillaria spp.
Microfilaria isolated in a body cavity is unsheathed, and nuclei is continuous to tail tip
a. Onchocerca volvulus
b. Brugia timori
c. Loa loa
d. Mansonella perstans
Mansonella perstans
Mosquito vectors of Brugia malayi
I. Aedes
II. Anopeheles
III. Culex
IV. Mansonia
a. II, IV
b. I,III,IV
c. I, IV
d. I, II, IV
I, II, IV
Bachmann intradermal test is highly specific for?
a. Baylisascaris procyonis
b. Echinococcus spp.
c. Trichinella sp.
d. Toxoplasma
Trichinella sp.
Scolex is characterized by 20-30 Y shaped hooklets
a. temperate liver fluke
b. Railletina spp.
c. rat tapeworm
d. dwarf tapeworm
dwarf tapeworm
A liquid stool specimen is collected at 10 pm & brought to Laboratory for culture & ova
determination. It is refrigerated for 12 hours, when the physician requested to look for amoeba, best thing to do would be?
a. do saline/NSS, specimen is safe, proper processing was done
b. just perform staining, specimen maintained its integrity
c. recollection cannot be done, instead, perform concentration tests
d. recollect another specimen
recollect another specimen
“Rotten egg” flatus
a. Giardia duodenalis
b. E. histolytica
c. Trichomonas
d. Dienatmoeba
Giardia duodenalis
What is the proper amount of watery stool for routine O&P?
a. 5-6 tablespoons
b. 2 cups
c. 1-2 teaspoon
d. 20 grams
5-6 tablespoons
Component of urine which is unfavourable for protozoan trophozoites
a. uric acid
b. AOTA
c. ammonia
d. creatinine
ammonia
Which parasite causes neurocysticercosis
a. Plasmodium
b. Schistosoma
c. beef tapeworm
d. pork tapeworm
pork tapeworm
Embryo found in pesudophyllidean worms that requires aquatic development
a. plerocercoid
b. sparganum
c. coracidium
d. copepod
coracidium
Sinton and Mulligan’s stippling
a. P. knowlesi
b. P. vivax
c. P. ovale
d. AOTA
P. knowlesi
Infective stage of Schistosoma japonicum
a. metacercaria
b. procercoird larva
c. furcocercus larva
d. AOT
furcocercus larva
“Bunch of grapes” appearance of lesions in x rays (chest)
a. Wuchereria
b. Echinococcus
c. lung fluke
d. Ascaris
lung fluke
