Para Flashcards
What is Trichinella spiralis commonly known as?
Trichina worm
What type of infection is Trichinellosis?
Zoonotic infection
What are the primary hosts for Trichinella spiralis?
- Rat
- Pig
- Man (accidentally infected)
What is the geographical distribution of human trichinellosis?
Cosmopolitan, especially in pork-eating countries
Describe the morphology of adult Trichinella spiralis.
Small white thread-like nematodes; anterior end thin for burrowing, thicker posteriorly
What is the length of male Trichinella spiralis?
1.5 mm
What is the length of female Trichinella spiralis?
3 mm
What is the infective and diagnostic stage of Trichinella spiralis?
Encysted Trichinella larva in striated muscle fibers
How does a man become infected with Trichinella spiralis?
By eating improperly cooked infected pork meat containing encysted first stage larvae
What is a common symptom during the first week of infection?
Gasrtoenteritis
What is a constant feature of Trichinellosis?
Eosinophilia
What occurs during the Stage of Intestinal Invasion?
Larvae excyst, invade the mucosa of small intestine, and develop into adults
What are the manifestations of the Enteric Phase?
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Abdominal cramps
- Diarrhea
What characterizes the Stage of Encapsulation?
Starts the 3rd or 4th week, occurs in striated muscles, fever subsides, muscle pain persists
What are potential severe outcomes of Trichinellosis?
- Myocarditis
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis
What is a key diagnostic indicator for Trichinellosis?
History of eating pork meat followed by gastroenteritis with fever, facial edema, and myositis
What laboratory test involves muscle biopsy?
Examining for encysted larvae from deltoid or gastrocnemius
What does the intradermal test (Bachman test) indicate?
Local erythematous wheal in positive cases within 15 to 20 minutes
What are the treatment options for Trichinellosis?
- Thiabendazole: 25 mg/Kg twice daily for 3 days
- Mebendazole: 200-400 mg 3 times daily for 10 days
- Corticosteroids: 20-60 mg prednisone
- Symptomatic treatment
What is a key prevention method for Trichinellosis?
Proper cooking of pork meat to destroy larvae
At what temperature should pork be frozen to kill Trichinella larvae?
-15°C for 20 days or quick freezing at -37°C
What practices can help prevent Trichinellosis?
- Destruction of rats
- Proper breeding of pigs
- Heat treatment of garbage fed to pigs
- Avoidance of eating pork
- Meat inspection of slaughterhouses
