papilloedema

Question 1

defie papilloedema

Answer 1

optic disc swelling due to raised ICP

Question 2

3 reasons ICP will raise

Answer 2

blood (10)
brain (80)
CSF (10)

sum must remain constant - Monro-Kellie hypothesis
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Question 3

bilateral swollen discs - how would they appear

Answer 3

blurred edges
appears elevated
small haemorrhages surrounding
spotty colour changes on the retina - accumulated debris

Question 4

All patients with bilateral optic disc swelling should be suspected of having raised ICP due to a __ __ __ until proven otherwise
give 2 other causes

Answer 4

Space Occupying Lesion

papilloedema in malignant HT
raised csf opening pressure - Idiopathic IC HT

Question 5

where is CSF produced

Answer 5

choroid plexus - lateral ventricles -> 3rd + 4th ventricles -> subarachnoid space

Question 6

in relation to CSF, give three reasons why ICP will incr

Answer 6

obstruction to CSF production
overproduction
inadequate absorption

Question 7

where would an emboli block CSF absorption?

Answer 7

sagittal sinus

Question 8

when disc sweeling becomes chronic, the swelling __, discs become pale and __.
what does this lead to

Answer 8

subsides
atrophic

loss of visual function - blindness