Papers and Boards Flashcards
what is paper and board usually made from?
woods
what material binds together the Woodfibre’s?
Lignin
what three methods can wood pulp be produced by?
Mechanical, chemical or waste
what is the process for making mechanical pulp?
logs of wood are debarked and saturated with water
they are ground
what is an advantage of mechanical wood pulp?
offers a high yield
what are some disadvantages of mechanical wood pulp? ( name 2)
creates low grade paper
greater impurities
can mechanical Pulp be bleached and what with?
yes, with peroxide or sodium hydroxide
what is the process for making mechanical pulp?
wood is debarked and chipped
chips are pounded and screened
pulp is treated with acid or alkali and stored
what are 2 advantages of chemical pulp
contains fewer impurities
longer and stronger fibres
what is a disadvantage of chemical pulp?
fibre yield is lower
what is waste pulp made from?
recycled paper and card
how can better quality paper be produced from waste pulp?
add in virgin fibres
what are two disadvantages of waste pulp?
creates lower grades of paper
colour and strength aren’t as good.
in industrial paper making, what machine is paper produced on?
Fourdrinier Machine
in industrial paper making, what water percentage is pulp diluted to?
99.5% water
in industrial paper making, how are the fibres allowed to interweave?
they are pushed through a slit and passed along a vibrating belt
in industrial paper making, what happens to the pulp in paper making after it passes along the vibrating belt?
it is pressed with a mesh top to drain even more water
in industrial paper making, how are the fibres smoothed in the paper making process before they are dried?
they are passed under rollers
in industrial paper making, how is the pulp dried?
it is passed through a series of heated rollers.
in industrial paper making, what can be added during the drying process?
sizing agent
in industrial paper making, how is paper given a smooth gloss finish after drying?
the paper is ran through calendars
what are the four main sections in the fourdrinier paper making process
1- Wet End
2- press section
3- drying section
4- calendar stack
in industrial paper making, what happens at the wet end?
wood pulp is diluted and vibrated so that fibres interweave
in industrial paper making, what happens in the press section? (2)
-rollers press, stretch and smooth remaining paper
-thickness of paper is determined
in industrial paper making, what happens in the drying section?
heated rollers dry the paper
sizing agents are added
in industrial paper making, what happens in the calendar section?
the paper/ card is fed through smooth polished rollers
what is the gsm of Layout paper?
50
what is the gsm of tracing paper?
60-90
what is the gsm of copying paper?
80
what is the gsm of cartridge paper
120-150
what is layout paper used for?
outline sketches and rendering ideas
what is cartridge paper used for?
drawing/ most art media
what is the relative cost of layout paper?
relatively expensive
what s the relative cost of tracing paper?
heavier weights can be more expensive
when is copier paper expensive?
when bought in bulk
which paper is more expensive than copier paper?
cartridge paper
what are the four drawing papers you need to know?
layout, tracing, copier, cartridge
what are the two commercial printing papers?
bond paper
coated paper
what gsm is bond paper?
50+
what pulp is bond paper made from?
rag pulp
what gsm is coated paper?
70-300gsm
what is coated paper coated in?
China clay, pigment and adhesive
what is bond paper used for?
official letters and graphic work that involved pens, pencils and felt-tip pens
what is coated paper used for?
high quality print jobs
when is bond paper inexpensive?
when purchased in bulk
what is the relative price of coated paper?
expensive
what are the commercial card and board types you need to know? (5)
mounting board
recycled card
corrugated board
folding box board
foil-lined board
