Papers and Boards

Question 1

what is paper and board usually made from?

Answer 1

woods

Question 2

what material binds together the Woodfibre’s?

Answer 2

Lignin

Question 3

what three methods can wood pulp be produced by?

Answer 3

Mechanical, chemical or waste

Question 4

what is the process for making mechanical pulp?

Answer 4

logs of wood are debarked and saturated with water
they are ground

Question 5

what is an advantage of mechanical wood pulp?

Answer 5

offers a high yield

Question 6

what are some disadvantages of mechanical wood pulp? ( name 2)

Answer 6

creates low grade paper
greater impurities

Question 7

can mechanical Pulp be bleached and what with?

Answer 7

yes, with peroxide or sodium hydroxide

Question 8

what is the process for making mechanical pulp?

Answer 8

wood is debarked and chipped
chips are pounded and screened
pulp is treated with acid or alkali and stored

Question 9

what are 2 advantages of chemical pulp

Answer 9

contains fewer impurities
longer and stronger fibres

Question 10

what is a disadvantage of chemical pulp?

Answer 10

fibre yield is lower

Question 11

what is waste pulp made from?

Answer 11

recycled paper and card

Question 12

how can better quality paper be produced from waste pulp?

Answer 12

add in virgin fibres

Question 13

what are two disadvantages of waste pulp?

Answer 13

creates lower grades of paper
colour and strength aren’t as good.

Question 14

in industrial paper making, what machine is paper produced on?

Answer 14

Fourdrinier Machine

Question 15

in industrial paper making, what water percentage is pulp diluted to?

Answer 15

99.5% water

Question 16

in industrial paper making, how are the fibres allowed to interweave?

Answer 16

they are pushed through a slit and passed along a vibrating belt

Question 17

in industrial paper making, what happens to the pulp in paper making after it passes along the vibrating belt?

Answer 17

it is pressed with a mesh top to drain even more water

Question 18

in industrial paper making, how are the fibres smoothed in the paper making process before they are dried?

Answer 18

they are passed under rollers

Question 19

in industrial paper making, how is the pulp dried?

Answer 19

it is passed through a series of heated rollers.

Question 19

in industrial paper making, what can be added during the drying process?

Answer 19

sizing agent

Question 20

in industrial paper making, how is paper given a smooth gloss finish after drying?

Answer 20

the paper is ran through calendars

Question 21

what are the four main sections in the fourdrinier paper making process

Answer 21

1- Wet End
2- press section
3- drying section
4- calendar stack

Question 21

in industrial paper making, what happens at the wet end?

Answer 21

wood pulp is diluted and vibrated so that fibres interweave

Question 22

in industrial paper making, what happens in the press section? (2)

Answer 22

-rollers press, stretch and smooth remaining paper
-thickness of paper is determined

Question 23

in industrial paper making, what happens in the drying section?

Answer 23

heated rollers dry the paper sizing agents are added

Question 24

in industrial paper making, what happens in the calendar section?

Answer 24

the paper/ card is fed through smooth polished rollers

Question 25

what is the gsm of Layout paper?

Answer 25

50

Question 26

what is the gsm of tracing paper?

Answer 26

60-90

Question 27

what is the gsm of copying paper?

Answer 27

80

Question 28

what is the gsm of cartridge paper

Answer 28

120-150

Question 29

what is layout paper used for?

Answer 29

outline sketches and rendering ideas

Question 30

what is cartridge paper used for?

Answer 30

drawing/ most art media

Question 31

what is the relative cost of layout paper?

Answer 31

relatively expensive

Question 32

what s the relative cost of tracing paper?

Answer 32

heavier weights can be more expensive

Question 33

when is copier paper expensive?

Answer 33

when bought in bulk

Question 34

which paper is more expensive than copier paper?

Answer 34

cartridge paper

Question 35

what are the four drawing papers you need to know?

Answer 35

layout, tracing, copier, cartridge

Question 36

what are the two commercial printing papers?

Answer 36

bond paper coated paper

Question 37

what gsm is bond paper?

Answer 37

50+

Question 38

what pulp is bond paper made from?

Answer 38

rag pulp

Question 39

what gsm is coated paper?

Answer 39

70-300gsm

Question 40

what is coated paper coated in?

Answer 40

China clay, pigment and adhesive

Question 41

what is bond paper used for?

Answer 41

official letters and graphic work that involved pens, pencils and felt-tip pens

Question 42

what is coated paper used for?

Answer 42

high quality print jobs

Question 43

when is bond paper inexpensive?

Answer 43

when purchased in bulk

Question 44

what is the relative price of coated paper?

Answer 44

expensive

Question 45

what are the commercial card and board types you need to know? (5)

Answer 45

mounting board recycled card corrugated board folding box board foil-lined board