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Paper two Flashcards

1
Q

What is a brownfield site?

A

Land that has been used then abandoned, left in a state of disrepair

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2
Q

Positives and negatives of Brownfield sites

A

Positives- easier planning, pre-existing infrastructure (water pipes), develops urban areas

Disadvantages- high cost land, often unsafe

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3
Q

What is a greenfield site?

A

A plot of land that has not yet been subject to any building development.

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4
Q

Positives and negatives of Greenfield sites

A

Positives- cheaper land, low road congestion, quieter

Negatives- damages the environment, no infrastructure, upsets local people

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5
Q

What are mega-cities?

A

An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million people.

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6
Q

What is natural increase?

A

The birth rate minus the death rate of a population.

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7
Q

What is a rural-urban fringe?

A

A zone of transition between the built-up area and the countryside.

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8
Q

What is sustainable urban living?

A

A sustainable city with minimal environmental damage and fair resource allocation.

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9
Q

What is urban greening?

A

The process of increasing and preserving open space in urban areas.

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10
Q

What is urbanisation?

A

The process by which an increasing percentage of a population comes to live in towns and cities.

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11
Q

What is urban regeneration?

A

The revival of old parts of the built-up area by installing modern facilities or redevelopment.

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12
Q

What is urban sprawl?

A

The unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside.

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13
Q

What is the birth rate?

A

The number of births in a year per 1000 of the total population.

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14
Q

What is the Commonwealth?

A

An association of 53 independent states founded in 1949
mostly former territories of the British Empire.

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15
Q

What are the Commonwealth Games

A

every 4 years, commonwealth countries compete in sporting events
raises money for host country

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16
Q

UK international importance:
trade-
transport-
communication-
culture-
sport-
politics-

A

trade- global imports and exports
transport- heathrow airport, eurostar
communication- fibre cables to USA + Tokyo
culture- history, royal family, tourism
sport- premiere league, olympics
politics- G7, Nato, Commonwealth

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17
Q

What is the death rate?

A

The number of deaths in a year per 1000 of the total population.

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18
Q

What is de-industrialisation?

A

The decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry.

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19
Q

What is the Demographic Transition Model?

A

A model showing how populations change over time in terms of birth rates and death rates.

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20
Q

What is the development gap?

A

The difference in standards of living between the world’s richest and poorest countries.

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21
Q

What is the European Union?

A

An international organisation of 28 European countries formed to reduce trade barriers.

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22
Q

What is Fairtrade?

A

When producers in LICs are given a better price for their goods.

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23
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The process which has created a more connected world with increased trade and migration.

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24
Q

What is gross national income ?

A

A measurement of economic activity calculated by adding GDP with income from overseas

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25
What is gross domestic product
The total value of all goods and services produced within a country in one year
26
What is the Human Development Index?
A method of measuring development using GDP per capita, life expectancy, and adult literacy.
27
What is infant mortality?
The average number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age, per 1000 live births.
28
What is intermediate technology?
Simple technology used in a range of economic activities serving local needs in LICs (eg stone lines)
29
What are microfinance loans?
Very small loans given to people in LICs to help them start a small business.
30
What is the North-south divide?
Economic and cultural differences between Southern and Northern England.
31
What is the difference in life expectancy between the north and the south
5 years
32
How many more people are unemployed in the north than in the south
20% more
33
How many more people go to university in the south than in the north
20% more
34
How much more is government funding per person in the south compared to in the north?
2000 more per person
35
What is HS2
A high speed trainline linking the North to London
36
Positives and negatives of HS2
Positives- journey time from London to birmingham reduced by 37 mins positive multiplier effect in the North Negatives- £100 billion over budget environmental impact houses destroyed to build tracks
37
What are enterprise zones
a collection of businesses built upon brownfield sites in Post-Industrial cities
38
How has Media city benefited Manchester
built in 2015 2000 jobs initially created in the BBC Aims to create 20000 jobs by 2025
39
What incentives do the government give to businesses to operate in enterprise zones
reduced business fees by £250,000 over 5 years
40
How many jobs have enterprise zones created What has been the cost of creating them
58,000 £1.6 billion
41
What are science and business parks?
Business- Purpose-built areas for offices and warehouses on the edges of towns with good transport links Science- purpose built research facilities near universities
42
What is ESAM
£9 million business park on the outskirts of St Austell 75 high payed jobs
43
What features make ESAM sustainable
transport links, solar panels, green spacing, energy efficient lighting
44
What is counter urbanisation
people moving from urban to rural areas for better safety and an increased QOL
45
population increase in Charlestown since 2000
50% increase
46
house prices in charlestown over last 15 years
doubled
47
how is Mevagissey an example of rural depopulation
young people move away due to lack of modern industry and high house prices local businesses and schools struggle area declines
48
What is a brain drain
young, working age people leaving an area for opportunities elsewhere
49
Mevagissey- housing
Houses bought as holiday homes house pricing increases, forces locals to move
50
Mevagissey population decrease since 2000
10% decrease
51
What is a transnational corporation?
A company that has operations in more than one country.
52
Plymouth - Vision Plymouth project
Vision Plymouth is an urban redevelopment project made up of Oceansgate housing, Park & Ride scheme, urban greening and Drake Circus
53
Why is Plymouth nationally and internationally important
Nationally- ferry port Internationally- maritime history
54
Plymouth - Drake Circus cost and opening year
Drakes Circus opened 2006, costing £170 million
55
Plymouth - Park and Ride financial loss a day
The Park and Ride loses £837 a day.
56
Plymouth - Oceansgate regeneration, loaction and features
Oceansgate regeneration is in a Marine Enterprise Zone providing high payed jobs and affordable housing built on the brownfield site of devonport
57
Plymouth - eco homes
Roborough eco homes have features like triple glazed windows, insulation, water butts, solar panels, EV charging, recycling etc to be more sustainable
58
Plymouth - job creation in waste
Waste incinerator created 400 construction, 35 permanent jobs
59
Urban greening in plymouth
green corridor as a pedestrian route
60
Plymouth - spider species threat
Wolf Spider species under threat due to eco homes on greenbelt
61
Plymouth - number of uniersity students and impacts on local areas
30,000 students impact noise, house prices and waste.
62
Plymouth - migration impact
Polish migrants move to Devonport create a diaspora impacts class sizes in schools and doctor waiting times
63
Mumbai - Vision Mumbai, mumbai urban transport project
Vision Mumbai is an urban planning project Involves new flats and clearing of Dharavi Also includes new transport scheme: coastal road, monorail Also has a sanitation system to improve access to safe sewage systems and ensuring the streets are cleaner
64
Vision Mumbai cost
£20 billion
65
Mumbai's importance- regional, national, international
regional- 3 million workers in Mumbai national- Bollywood industry, finance capital of india international- HQ of disney and VW, tourism
66
Mumbai location and population size
the west coast of India 21 million people
67
Mumbai - migration rate
One person every minute migrates to Mumbai from rural areas
68
Mumbai - sea trade
60% of sea trade comes through Mumbai
69
Mumbai - Dharavi population density
1 million people live in 1 square mile in Dharavi
70
Mumbai informal economy
pottery and recycling industry generates $1 billion for economy anually
71
Mumbai recycling percentage and jobs created
80% of mumbai's waste is recycled creating 250,000 jobs
72
Mumbai - clean water availability
Clean water is available, but for only 2 hours each day
73
Mumbai - sanitation in rural India
In rural India, 75% don't have access flushable toilets
74
Mumbai - literacy rate
90% of adults in Mumbai are literate
75
Mumbai - % of people with poor housing quality
50% of people in Mumbai live in poor quality housing
76
Mumbai - health issues
Typhoid and cholera are prevalent in drinking water due to poor sanitation
77
Mumbai - water and electricity availability
Water and electricity is only available for 2 hours a day in Dharavi
78
Mumbai - school availability
The community school in Dharavi is open 2 days a week
79
Mumbai - employment in Dharavi
80% of people in Dharavi are employed many in informal sector
80
Kenya - life expectancy
Life expectancy is 66 years but is increasing
81
Kenya - GDP per capita
GDP is $1,580 per capita but is increasing for some
82
UK - GDP per capita
$39,000
83
Kenya - agriculture
Fairtrade tea and green beans are grown in Kenya, which are then exported globally
84
Kenya - poverty rate
40% of the population still live below the poverty line
85
Kenya - TNC presence
Toyota have set up a truck and bus factory in Mombasa
86
Kenya - factory cost
The plant cost $4 million to build
87
What % of kenya's GDP is manufacturing?
17%
88
Why are production jobs in Kenya unstable
corporations could choose to relocate if manufacturing would be cheaper
89
Kenya -Toyota job creation
400 jobs have been created
90
Kenya - truck productions per month
200 Toyota ‘Hino’ trucks made a month
91
What is Toyota's young stars scheme
talented school children are payed to study abroad
92
Kenya - tourists per year and revenue
2 million tourists visit each year, spending £5 billion
93
What % of kenya's GDP is tourism?
10%
94
Kenya - tourist attractions
Tourists visit Tsavo and Masai-Mara National Parks
95
Kenya - big 5
Tourists on safari hope to see ‘Big 5’ including lions and elephants
96
Kenya - tourism growth in last 20 years
Tourism has doubled in 20 years
97
How much has Kenya's economy grown in the past 20 years
5 x
98
Environmental impacts of tourism growth in kenya
soil erosion disruption to wildlife pollution
99
Kenya - airport access
Airport is accessed by Kenya Airport Superhighway to access safari parks
100
What is economic leakage
where money is taken out of a country by foreign workers and companies
101
How many jobs does tourism create in kenya
990,000, indirectly suporting 24,000,000
102
What are some of Kenya’s tourist attractions
Tsavo, amboseli, Masai-Mara, giraffe manor

Geography (3 decks)

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