paper two Flashcards

1
Q

what is a skill?

A

a learned action to bring about the result you want from certainty and minimum effort

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2
Q

what is an ability?

A

an inherited, stable trait that determine an individual’s potential to learn or acquire a skill

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3
Q

what are basic skills?

A

doesn’t need much thought or decision making
e.g running

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4
Q

what are complex skills?

A

needs lots of thought and decision making
e.g overhead kick in football

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5
Q

what are open skills?

A

performed in a changing environment - performer has to react and adapt to external factors
e.g football tackle

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6
Q

what are closed skills?

A

always performed in a predictable environment - not affected by external factors
e.g tennis serve

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7
Q

what are self-paced skills?

A

controlled by the performer - they decide when and how quickly it’s done
e.g tennis serve

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8
Q

what are externally-paced skills?

A

affected by external factors which control when it starts and how quickly it’s done
e.g marking opponent in netball

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9
Q

what are gross skills?

A

involves powerful movements performed by large muscle groups
e.g long jump

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10
Q

what are fine skills?

A

uses smaller muscle groups to carry out precise movements that require accuracy and coordination
e.g throwing a dart

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11
Q

what are performance goals?

A

based on improving your own personal performance

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12
Q

what are outcome goals?

A

focused on performing better than other people e.g winning

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13
Q

why are performance goals preferred over outcome goals?

A

it is generally accepted that outcome goals should be avoided as they rely on factors that cannot be controlled, eg other performers.

beginners prefer to avoid outcome goals because failure can demotivate/winning may be an unrealistic goal

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14
Q

what is the order of the 4 stages of the information processing model?

A

input
decision making
output
feedback

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15
Q

what happens in the input stage of the information processing model?

A

the information received from the display (your senses) via selective attention

e.g sees player throw the tennis ball high to serve

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16
Q

what happens in the decision making stage of the information processing model?

A

the selection of an appropriate response using the information ‘input’ and that stored in (long term) memory

e.g based on what you see and past experience, decide whether to move

17
Q

what happens in the output stage of the information processing model?

A

information you send to your muscles to carry out the response

e.g move ready to return the ball

18
Q

what happens in the feedback stage of the information processing model?

A

a review of your response; this can be from yourself (intrinsic) or others (extrinsic)

19
Q

what are the 4 types of guidance?

A

visual
verbal
mechanical
manual

20
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance?

A

adv: works well for beginners - can copy, can be used with groups, draws attention to key points

disadv: can demotivate learner if too complex, needs to be accurate and clear

21
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance?

A

adv: works well for elite performers - gives technical info, can be used during performance, no equipment required

disadv: overload beginners with info, learners may lose concentration, some movements hard to explain

22
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of manual guidance?

A

adv: teaching beginners - builds confidence, gives feel for whole skill, exterminates danger

disadv: performer could start to rely on it, proximity of coach may be upsetting

23
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical guidance?

A

adv: teaching beginners - feel safe, helpful for complex skills

disadv: learner becomes reliant, feel of movement is different to actual movement

24
Q

what are the different types of feedback?

A

intrinsic
extrinsic
positive
negative
knowledge of performance
knowledge of results

25
what is the definition of arousal?
an energised state of readiness before performing a task
26
what level of arousal do fine movements need?
low levels of arousal - where concentration and precision is needed e.g a gold putt
27
what level of arousal do gross movements need?
higher levels of arousal - large muscle movements are required e.g a rugby tackle
28
what are the stress management techniques?
mental rehearsal deep breathing positive self-talk
29
what is direct aggression?
involves physical contact with others to cause physical harm to gain an advantage
30
what is indirect aggression?
doesn't involve physical contact and could be a nasty remark or an act against an object to gain an advantage
31
what are the characteristics of an introvert and what sports do they take part in?
shy/quiet thoughtful enjoy being on their own play individual sports concentration/precision (fine skill) is required low arousal is required
32
what are the characteristics of an extrovert and what sports do they take part in?
enjoy interaction with others enthusiastic/talkative prone to boredom when isolated/by themselves enjoys playing team sports fast pace sports concentration may need to be low gross skills are used
33
§what are the different social groups?
family/friends/peers age gender disability race/religion/culture