Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

bio paper 1 > paper one > Flashcards

paper one Flashcards

1
Q

reaction that builds polymers?

A

CONDENSATION REACTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

reaction that breaks down polymers?

A

HYDROLYSIS REACTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What bond is formed between two monosaccharides?

A

GLYCOSIDIC BOND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what chemical is used in testing for reducing and non-reducing sugars?

A

BENEDICTS SOLUTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which isomer of glucose makes up glycogen?

A

A-glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

two groups of lipids?

A

TRIGLYCERIDES, PHOSPHOLIPIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which bond forms between glycerol and fatty acids?

A

ESTER BONDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

starch test?

A

IODINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what bond is formed when two amino acids join?

A

PEPTIDE BOND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

competitive inhibitor?

A

A NON-SUBSTRATE MOLECULES THAT FITS IN THE ACTIVE SITE OF AN ENZYME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Four bases that occur in DNA?

A

Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

four bases that occur in RNA?

A

Adenine
Uracil
Cystosine
Guanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of bond is formed by the condensation of two nucleotides?

A

PHOSPHODIESTER BOND

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

structure of RNA

A

Short
polynucleotide chain
single strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What base is complementary to adenine in DNA?

A

THYMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What base is complementary to cystosine in DNA?

A

GUANINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which base is complementary to uracil?

A

ADENINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which ions determine pH?

A

Hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which ion is a component of DNA and RNA?

A

PHOSPHATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is ATP made up of?

A

Adenine
Ribose
Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of mitochondrian?

A

AEROBIC RESPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Transcription

A

-Protein synthesis
-DNA code for a protein remains in the nucleus during transcription
-mRNA moves from the nucleus to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesised during translation in the cytoplasm
-TO make the mRNA the double strand, DNA unzips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Translation

A

-Protein synthesis
-The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes
-Carrier molecules brings specific amino acids to add to the growing protein in the correct order
-If the sequence changes, a different protein will be made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

function of the cell surface membrane?

A

Partially permeable so controls exchange between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Organelle that builds proteins?
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM
26
Cell organelle that makes lipids, steroids and some hormones?
SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RECTICULUM
27
what type of cells are animal, fungal and plant cell?
EUKARYOTIC
28
what type of cells are bacteria?
PROKARYOTIC
29
what do plant cells have that are NOT present in animal cells?
CELL WALL CHLOROPLASTS
30
what OTHER organelles to prokaryotes have?
one or more plasmids one or more flagella
31
Magnification
the number of times greater the size of the image is than the size of the real object
32
Resolution
The ability to distinguish between two objects very close together
33
what is the limitation of light microscopy?
Magnification to 2000 x Resolution to 200mm
34
which stain can be used to colour starch granules in plant cells ?
IODINE dissolved in POTASSIUM IODIDE
35
Cell fractionation
Homogenise the tissue in cold buffer Filter the resulting homogenise to remove large pieces of debris and whole cells Ultracentrifugation at a very high speed
36
why do cells need to divide ?
Repair of damaged tissues Growth Asexual reproduction
37
Name of cell division in prokaryotes?
BINARY FISSION
38
products of mitosis?
Two daughter cells that have same number of chromosomes as parent cell
39
FOUR stages of MITOSIS in the correct order
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
40
Mitotic index?
The ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in a population
41
how are the phospholipids arranged in a membrane?
in a BILAYER tails in centre and heads pouting outside
42
functions of phospholipids in a membrane?
To be a partially permeable barrier
43
where are extrinsic proteins found in a phospholipid bilayer?
On the surface or embedded in one layer
44
Role of intrinsic proteins
Span the bilayer Enzymes Carrier proteins and channel proteins
45
Role of glycolipids?
Cell recognition
46
Role of glycoproteins?
Receptor sites Adhere cells together in tissues
47
Facilitated diffusion?
Passive movement of molecules across a membrane down their concentration gradient, using carrier proteins or channels
48
Osmosis
Movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential across a partially permeable membrane
49
Active transport ?
Movement of a substance across a membrane against its concentration gradient by a carrier protein, using energy from ATP.
50
Antibody
Protein produced by a B lymphocyte / B plasma cell in response to the presence of a non self antigen
51
Antigen
A molecule, usually a protein, that triggers an immune response
52
Immunity?
The ability to resist invading pathogens
53
Process where white blood cells engulf and destroy pathogens
PHAGOCYTOSIS
54
What is a phagosome?
The vesicle formed when a phagocyte engulfs a pathogenic microorganism
55
monoclonal antibody?
A single type of antibody that has been isolated and cloned
56
Active immunity
when immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies LONG lasting
57
Passive immunity
When antibodies are given to an individual SHORT lived
58
difference between HIV and AIDS
HIV- Virus that destroys t helper cells and weakens immune system AIDS- set of conditions that occur as a result of a HIV infection
59
Human gas exchange system
Trachea branches into bronchi to the lungs Bronchi continues to branch into bronchioles Bronchioles terminate as alveoli, where gas exchange takes place within the blood
60
how do plants exchange gases?
Through stomata into air spaces in the mesophyll
61
“hydrolysed” meaning ?
The molecule is split with the addition of water
62
enzymes that hydrolyses carbohydrates ?
carbohydrases
63
What do bile salts do?
emulsify lipids into droplets to increase surface area
64
monoglyceride ?
A molecule of glycerol attached to one fatty acid
65
Enzymes that hydrolyse lipids?
Lipases
66
Structure and function of haemoglobin ?
QUATERNARY protein FOUR polypeptide chains FOUR haem groups which carry oxygen into the red blood cells
67
how is the heart supplied with blood?
Via coronary arteries
68
Role of the xylem?
Transports water from the roots to the stem and leaves in the plant
69
differences between EUKARYOTIC DNA and PROKARYOTIC DNA
EUK- long, linear, with histones PRO- short, circular, naked
70
GENE
a section of a chromosome that codes for a polypeptide
71
GENOME
the complete set of genes in a cell
72
PROTEOME
complete set of proteins a cell is able to produce
73
Codon
sequence of 3 nucleotides that code for one amino acid
74
INTRONS
NON- coding sections of a gene
75
EXONS
coding sections of a gene that code for amino acids
76
where does transcription take place?
NUCLEUS
77
How does the mRNA move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
Through a nuclear pore
78
DNA helicase role in transcription?
breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs
79
RNA polymerase in transcription?
matches up nucleotides to complementary bases in dna
80
what do mutagenic agents do?
increase rate of gene mutation
81
MAIN stages of meiosis?
meiosis i: two daughter cells meiosis ii: four daughter cells

bio paper 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions