Paper, Card And Board

Question 1

What is the first stage of paper manufacture and what are the two ways of doing this?

Answer 1

The first stage involves wood being mashed up to make woodpulp. This can be done by machine - where the wood is physically ground up. Paper made from machine the pulp is weaker and turns yellow over time. It is used for newspapers. It can also be done using chemicals – wood chips are mixed with chemicals that dissolve the bonds between the fibres. Chemical pulp is used for writing and printing paper.

Question 2

What is the second stage in commercial paper production? How does this work?

Answer 2

Woodpulp is bleached to make it white and fed into a Fourdrinier machine. This machine makes the pulp into paper. Firstly dies and other chemicals are added to the pulp. The pulp is then spread onto a moving wire mesh conveyor belt. The mesh passes through a series of metal rollers. The first rollers squeeze out the water. The second rollers are heated to dry the paper. The calendar rollers then smooth the paper and determine the thickness.

Question 3

There are many different types of paper. What are the two main aspects you should consider when selecting a paper?

Answer 3

Weight and surface finish.

Question 4

What properties does cartridge paper have and what is it used for?

Answer 4

Good quality, with a soft surface finish. It is used for drawing design ideas and presentation work.

Question 5

What are the properties of layout paper and what is it used for?

Answer 5

Pre-printed with a pattern of guidelines. It is used to help you draw accurately as it acts as a grid/underlay.

Question 6

What are the properties of bleed proof paper and what is it used for?

Answer 6

Treated to prevent ink running. It is used to produce images using marker pens.

Question 7

What are the properties of tracing paper and what is it used for?

Answer 7

Strong and transparent. It is used for tracing work.

Question 8

What are the properties of cardboard and what is it used for?

Answer 8

Thick, cheap and can be recycled. It is used for packaging, boxes and cartons and 3-D modelling.

Question 9

What are the properties of mounting board and what is it used for?

Answer 9

Very strong, allowing it to be used for frames. It is used for presenting work.

Question 10

What are the properties of duplex board and what is it used for?

Answer 10

Coated to give a shiny finish, cheap. It is used for food packaging.

Question 11

What are the properties of solid white board and what is it used for?

Answer 11

Bleached to give a good quality finish. It is used for packaging and books.

Question 12

What is the weight that divides paper and card?

Answer 12

220 g/m^2

Question 13

What are squared grids for?

Answer 13

To help you draw plans, charts and nets.

Question 14

What are isometric grids used for?

Answer 14

Drawing isometric 3D drawings.

Question 15

Paper comes in a righty of different sizes. What are these sizes?

Answer 15

A1 - 840 mm x 594 mm 
A2 - 594 mm x 420 mm
A3 - 420 mm x 297 mm 
A4 - 297 mm x 210 mm
A5 - 210 mm x 148 mm
A6 - 148 mm x 105 mm

Question 16

When manufacturing a three dimensional model, there are a range of materials available to you. Give some examples

Answer 16

Sheet modelling materials which can be glued together to make 3D shapes, such as:
- corrugated sheets (plastic and card)
- foam board.
Block modelling materials, such as:
- clay
– modelling foam
Other modelling materials like plaster bandage.

Question 17

Name four modelling materials and give some properties of each one

Answer 17

Corrugated plastic sheet – lightweight, bends easily along corrugation.
Foam board – high shine finish, rigid and strong.
Plaster bandage - sets in 30 minutes, applied to a frame.
Modelling foam – easy to carve, comes in blocks.

Question 18

What does primary processing involve?

Answer 18

Turning raw materials into usable products. In the case of paper, the raw material is usually would.

Question 19

Name three modelling finishes and give some materials that are suitable for each one

Answer 19

• Water based paint – corrugated sheet paper.
• Acrylic or other solvent based paint – corrugated sheet plastic, foamboard, plaster bandage.
• Glaze or solvent based paint – clay.
• Filler and water based paint – modelling foam.

Question 20

Give two examples of composite products

Answer 20

• Juice cartons are often lined with foil on the inside to make them water tight.
• Paper sachets often have a plastic lining to make them more durable.

Question 21

What are the key points of paper and card?

Answer 21

• Paper is made from pulped wood.
• Paper is measured in gm^2.
• Thick paper is called card.
• Thick card is called board and is measured in microns.
• The most common paper sizes are in the ‘A series’.
• Many paper based boards are composites. Board is combined with other materials to produce new properties suited to different purposes.