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Sustainability Exam 2 > Paper and Trees > Flashcards

Paper and Trees Flashcards

1
Q

Two major types of trees

A

Deciduous and Coniferous

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2
Q

Deciduous

A
  • Leaves fall off, seasonal
  • Hard wood
  • Short fibers
  • Add opacity and brightness
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3
Q

Coniferous

A
  • Leaves don’t fall off
  • soft wood
  • longer fibers
  • add strength to paper
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4
Q

3 fiber sources for paper

A
  • Virgin Trees
  • Recycled Paper
  • Wood chips from lumber mills
  • All used equally according to EPA results
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5
Q

DBH

A
  • Diameter Breast Height
  • How Foresters determine which trees are ready for removal
  • 4.5 Feet
  • Go up to the crown
  • You calculate the Diameter
  • You take the circumference and divide it by 3.14 (pie)
  • You get the timber volume
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6
Q

Classification of Forest

A
  • Temperate
  • Tropical
  • Boreal
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7
Q

Temperate

A

Here, trees don’t grow year round

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8
Q

Tropical

A
  • Around Bands of Equator
  • Year round growth of trees
  • Most valuable forest
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9
Q

Boreal

A
  • Grow furthest North and South
  • Coldest climates
  • Siberian Forest is largest forest in Russia
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10
Q

Deforestation

A

Permanent removal of forest/trees

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11
Q

Reforestation

A

Replanting of new trees after removal

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12
Q

Afforestation

A

Planting of trees where there were no trees

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13
Q

Paper is not the cause of deforestation

A

For every tree that is cut , 2-3 more are planted

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14
Q

Carole King

A
  • Used emotional appeal in argument
  • Status as a celebrity
  • wanted us to send letters to president to stop commercial logging in U.S. National Forests
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15
Q

Peter Stewart

A

Bachelors in Forestry, Masters in Economics
- used logical appeal
- was data driven

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16
Q

John Muir

A
  • advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the United States
  • used photographic evidence
  • sent image and letter to Teddy Roosevelt
17
Q

How did Native Americans maintain their forest?

A
  • intentional fires
  • burned to clear out over growth
  • Cultivated new growths
18
Q

4 Factors to make a Sustainable Forestry

A
  1. All parts of the forest are the basis to make it a sustainable forest : ex smaller plants, animal life, selective cutting (DBH)
  2. Protect the forest
  3. Must consider the needs of people
  4. Preserve sufficient forest/ trees for future generation
19
Q

Economic Stand point for Sustainable Forestry

A
  • Forest amenity values
  • Forests are a resource base
  • Forests are sinks for residual flows
  • Forests are a life support system
20
Q

FIA - Forest Inventory Analyst

A
  • USFS is required to conduct National Forest Inventory
  • Base year is 1953
  • The inventory is found the volume of the timber to be 51% greater than the base year due to better forestry practices
21
Q

Major criticism of paper by environmentalists

A
  • Excess Tree Removal Worldwide
  • Urban Development
  • Energy Consumption and GHG
  • Water Consumption
  • Landfill Waste
22
Q

Excess Tree Removal Worldwide

A

Animal Farming is a large cause of deforestation largely in South America

23
Q

Urban Development

A

Countries in Africa and South America have experienced large population increases in the last 40-50 years. Most of the population has moved from rural areas to cities. As a result significant loss of forest have occurred

24
Q

Energy Consumption and GHG

A
  • Paper Mills generate nearly all of their own power from bioenergy (Bark and liquid biomass)
  • In 2020 99% of electricity produced by the industry was generated on site via cogeneration power, sometimes referred to as combined heat and power
  • 2022 the nationwide paper recycling rate was just under 68%

-When recycled paper is reused to make new paper, energy consumption goes way down

25
Q

Water Consumption

A
  • Paper mills reuse water seven times
  • The paper industry has developed methods to reduce water consumption by 8.3% since base year of 2005
  • Use of recycled paper reduced water consumption
26
Q

Landfill Waste

A
  • 2/3 of paper is recycled
  • The 1/3rd that ends up in landfills is biodegradable
27
Q

Demand increases , Supply increases

A
  • Demand drives supply
  • If Demand is reduced , Supply decreases
  • If we reduce consumption, supply goes down
28
Q

Who buys the trees?

A
  • Paper mills buy smaller trees, lumber yards buy the straight larger trees

-Smaller trees are less expensive

Sustainability Exam 2 (4 decks)

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