Paper 3 Vocab Flashcards
Correspondence theory of truth
Claims that the truth or falsity of knowledge is determined by whether or not it accurately describes the world
Coherence theory of truth
The truth or falsity of knowledge is not absolute, but rather consensual
Reactivity
a phenomenon that occurs when individuals alter their performance or behavior due to the awareness that they are being observed. The change may be positive or negative, and depends on the situation.
Ethical considerations
Informed consent
Anonymity
Debriefing
Credibility in Paper 3
credible
trustworthiness
Reflexivity
researcher takes into account their own bias
Credibility
corresponds roughly to the concept of internal validity that is used in quantitative research –> being forthright about the research process
Trustworthiness
findings of the research research reflect the meanings as they are described by the participants
Researcher bias
Participants’ perceptions and beliefs in understanding social processes must be given priority over the researcher’s own
Reflexivity
Researcher needs to reflect on his or her own background and beliefs and how these could play a role in the research process
Participant variability
The extent to which the participants may share a common set of traits that can bias the outcome of the study
Generalizability
The behaviors observed in the random sample are assumed to be representative of those in the larger population
Application
How a study is applied
Reliability
The results can be replicated
Ecological validity
the study represents what happens in real life
Ethnocentric
Based on the values and beliefs of one culture
Cross cultural validity
Applies to multiple cultures
Confounding variables
undesiravle variables that influence the relationship between independent and depenedent variables
Demand characteristics
participants act differently because they know they are in an experiment
Hawthorne effect
Participants try to guess the aims of the study and act accordingly
Inductive approach
Researcher does not define variables in advance because they are more likely to express the researcher’s ideas than the participants
Subjectivity
Because qualitative research is intrepereted by researchers it is subject to their intrepretations
Interviewer effects
Responses to the sex, age, or ethnicity of the interviewer
Social desirability bias
People want to present a positive picture of themselves so they may not tell the truth when asked personal questions
Participant bias
People often adjust their responses to what they think is appropriate for the interviewer
Researcher bias
Observation should not be affected by what the researcher expects to find
Inter-observer reliability
Several obersvers can observe the same behavior and then compare the results of their observations
Overt observations
participants know the observer is a researcher
Covert observation
Participants do not know that they are being observed
Participant observation
Observer takes part in the situation being studied while doing the research
Non-participant observation
Where the observer is not part of the situation being studied
Overt observation
Participants know they are being observed
Covert observation
Participants are not aware of being studied
Memos
Writes a summary of the analysis so that independent readers can follow how and why the connections are reached
Intrinsic
Case studies represent nothing but themselves
Instrumental
Case studies represent more general phenomena of interest
Descriptive
Detailed description of a phenomenon
Explanatory
Aim is to describe and find possible explanations for the phenomenon under investigation –> theoretical analysis based on existing theory based on the data
Rich data
Data open to a number of intrepretations
