Paper 3 prep

Question 1

Random Sampling:

Answer 1

Least biased of all sampling techniques, there is no subjectivity (opinion involved). Random areas are generated from random number generators and applying to a grid. Not suitable for looking at changes over distance. Often used in conjunction with stratified to select study sites

Question 2

Stratified Sampling:

Answer 2

Using prior knowledge to select chosen areas. With stratified sampling, the researcher divides the population into separate groups, called strata. Then, a probability sample (often a simple random sample) is drawn from each group. Can also be used to select contrasting locations using prior knowledge of what is expected. i.e distance from CBD

Question 3

Systematic Sampling:

Answer 3

Samples are chosen in a systematic, or regular way. They are evenly/regularly distributed in a spatial context,for exampleeverytwo metres along a transect line. Changes over distance can be identified.

Question 4

Data Collection Methods

Answer 4

-Questionnaire
-Environmental Quality Survey
-Land use survey
-Place Check (give me three words about a place – to gauge -opinion of a place)
-Beach profiling
-Measuring sediment size

Question 5

Assessing/Evaluating Data Presentation

Answer 5

-Can multiple pieces of data be displayed on one graph?
-Can raw data numbers be extracted from the graph?
-What are the units? What can you tell about the level of accuracy?
-Is it easy to construct?
-Does it assume abrupt changes at the borders?
-Are averages used? Does this skew the data?

Question 6

Key Theories/Terms

Answer 6

Multiplier effect – Growth breeds growth. A boom in development or business will spark further development.
Decline breeds decline – Business closures will lead to decline in other services/local community
Trickle Down Effect – Money generated in the local economy will benefit all people as it will circulate in the local economy
Leakage Effect - Money generated in the economy does not benefit the host city/nation. Instead money is leaked else where. (e.g. TNCs money made does not stay in country, it’s leaked back to the HQ)
External Income – Money is generated from outside of the local community. Essential an injection of funds from elsewhere.
Sustainability – Meeting the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 7

Greenfield

Answer 7

+There is lots of space, which means new housing developments can also include community facilities like shops, schools and open spaces.

+There is a higher quality of life because people live near to the countryside.

+These areas are cheaper to develop than Brownfield Sites.

-These sites tend to far away from the town centre and transport links.

-New roads will also need to be built to link the site to the town.

-Open space will be reduced.

-There may be a loss of farmland or potential farmland.

Question 8

Brownfield

Answer 8

+Clearing derelict sites gives a town a facelift.

+There tend to be fewer objections from local people.

+Development here reduces the loss of countryside elsewhere.

+There are already roads and transport links already in place nearby.

-Developments here can be expensive as clearing contaminated land is often difficult and time consuming.

-Access may be poor.

-People may not want to live there.

-There is no EU funding for the redevelopment of these sites.

Question 9

TWO SPEED ECONOMY

Answer 9

Two areas economically developing at different rates.

E.g. North East England vs South East England

Due to infrastructure and brain drain.