Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Paper 3 - People and The Biosphere - Topic 7 > Flashcards

Paper 3 - People and The Biosphere - Topic 7 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The biosphere is the living layer of earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the biosphere between ?

A

The rocks (lithosphere) and air (atmosphere)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is found in the biosphere ?

A

All plants and animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the large regions that the biosphere is divided into called ?

A

Biomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a biome ?

A

A large scale ecosystem with a distinc climate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 9 main biomes ?

A 
Tundra 
Boreal forest (taiga)
Temperate deciduous forest 
Temperate grassland 
Mediterranean 
Hot desert
Tropical rainforest 
Tropical grassland (savanna)
Other biomes (Ice,mountains)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the vegetation like for the tundra ?

A

Grasses, lichens and dwarf shrubs; no trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the vegetation like for the boreal forests (taiga) ?

A

Coniferous trees, e.g.pine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the vegetation like for the temperate deciduous forest ?

A

Deciduous trees, e.g. oak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the vegetation like for the temperate grassland?

A

Short or tall grasses with few trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the vegetation like for the Mediterranean?

A

Evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the vegetation like for the hot desert ?

A

Cacti and succulents, but few of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the vegetation like for the tropical rainforest ?

A

Evergreen trees growing all year round

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the vegetation like for the tropical grassland (savanna) ?

A

Grass with some trees, e.g. acacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are the biomes distributed ?

A

In belts around the earth at different latitudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does latitude measure ?

A

How far north or south a location on the earths surface is from the equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the location and characteristics of each biome determined by ?

A

Climate because it affects the growth of plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does temperature affect the growth of plants ?

A

Most plants need over 5 degrees Celsius to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does precipitation affect the growth of plants ?

A

Plants need water to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does light intensity affect the growth of plants ?

A

Affects photosynthesis so therefore plants cant grow as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does latitude influence biomes ?

A

Because latitude controls light intensity, temperature and precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If the UK was totally natural what biome would we have ?

A

Temperature forest biome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are local factors ?

A

Differences that alter animal and plant species in a biome from once we would expect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are ecosystems ?

A

Localised biomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If the UK was totally natural what 3 local factors would affect our biome ?

A

Rock and soil type
Water availability and drainage
Altitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How would our Rock and soil type affect our biome ?

A

When rocks undergo chemical weathering, they release nutrients and chemicals into the soil. Soils can be neutral, acid or alkaline depending on the rock type.
The acidity or alkalinity of the soil will affect what can grow there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How would our Water availability and drainage type affect our biome ?

A

Some plants can grow their roots in waterlogged and boggy soils.
Other plants grow in drier soils

The amount of precipitation affects the soil of an area
The amount of evaporation affect soil of an area
How permeable the soil is affects the soil of an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How would our altitude affect our biome ?

A

Temperature drops 6.5 degrees Celsius every 1000m increase in height
At high altitudes below freezing temperatures limits what plants can grow
At high altitudes high precipitation often follows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is altitudinal zonation ?

A

The change in ecosystems at different altitudes caused by alterations in temperature, precipitation, sunlight and soil type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What height is tree line ?

A

4000m it becomes too cold for trees to grow

31
Q

What are the two parts that biomes are made of ?

A

Biotic and abiotic

32
Q

What is the biotic part of a biome ?

A

The Biotic (living) part is made up of plant (flora) and animal (fauna) life

33
Q

What is the abiotic part of a biome ?

A

The abiotic (non-living) part includes the atmosphere, water, rock and soil

34
Q

Are dead animal and plants biotic or abiotic ?

A

Biotic as they were once living

35
Q

How are biotic and abiotic parts linked ?

A

1 . Energy is provied for photosythesis of plants. This is provided by the suns energy

  1. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen
    Animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
    Nitrogen is exchanged between the atmosphere, plants and soil
  2. Energy flows along the food web from plants - herbivours - carnivores - detritivours and decomposers which consume dead plants and animals
  3. Water moves through the soil, plants and animals and then is released back into atmosphere via respiration and evaporation
  4. When plants and animals die they decompose into the soil
  5. Weathering of rocks provides soil nutrients - magnesium, nitrogen
36
Q

Why are places like the rainforest making 4-6 trillion dollers per year ?

A

As they provide goods and services

37
Q

What are goods ?

A

Physical materials - timber from trees or fish

38
Q

What are services ?

A

Functions that can make a benefit - add trees for more oxygen

39
Q

What are the 4 catagories of ecosystem services ?

A

Provisioning services (goods)
Regulating services
Supporting services
Cultural services

40
Q

What are an ecosystem’s provisioning services (goods) ?

A

Products obtained from the ecosystem

Food - nuts, berries, fish, crops
Fuel wood
Timber for buildings and other uses
Genetic and chemcial material

41
Q

What are the ecosystem’s regulating services ?

A

Services that link to other physical systems and keep areas and the whole planet, healthy

Storing carbon, and keeps emitting oxygen, which keeps the atmosphere in balance

42
Q

What are an ecosystem’s supporting services ?

A

These keep the ecosystem healthy so it can provide other services :
Nutrients
Photosythesis and food webs
Soil formation

43
Q

What are an ecosystem’s cultural services ?

A

These are benefits people get from visiting, or living in, a healthy ecosystem:
Recreation
Education and science
Spiritual well-being and happiness

44
Q

What is the role of an ecosystem ?

A

Maintaining a healthy atmosphere

- trees taking in carbon dioxide act as a carbon sink

45
Q

What are indigenous people ?

A

the original/native people of a region

46
Q

what is one example of the indigenous people ?

A

Efe people of the ituri tropical rainforest in the Congo basin of Africa

47
Q

How many Efe people are there today ?

A

around 30000

48
Q

How do the Efe people use the rainforest ecosystem for services to benefit them ?

A

use wood and leaves to make their houses

use the wood from the forest to cook

gather wild yams, mushrooms and berries to eat from the forest

hunt monkey and antelope for bushmeat and also fish from rivers

hunt the giant forest hog and sell its meat to other people in the region

buy or trade items like pans or rice

use plants and wild honey to make traditional medicines

49
Q

Why are the Efe peoples houses small circular and built out of wood and leaves ?

A

houses are small circular and built out of wood and leaves - these are temporary as they move around the forest to hunt

50
Q

define ecosystem services

A

the collective term for all the ways humans benefit from ecosystems

51
Q

how does slash and burn aka shifting cultivation work ?

A

Farmers clear small areas of forest by cutting and burning

the ash from burning adds nutrients to the soil

the land is then farmed for 5-6 years, but after that the soil becomes infertile and farmers move to the next area of land

52
Q

what percentage of the taiga is destroyed by human activity ?

A

around 7%

53
Q

what percentage of rainforests are destroyed by human activity ?

A

about 17%

54
Q

what percentage of temperate grassland is destroyed by human activity ?

A

about 67%

55
Q

what percentage of temperate forest is destroyed by temperate forest ?

A

about 73%

56
Q

what are some reasons that large are biomes cleared ?

A

commercial farming - for cattle ranching or to grow food like soy beans to be fed to cattle

commercial crops - palm oil, cocoa beans or cereals

mining metal ores - iron and copper

deforestation - timber wood to make paper or furniture

construction of dams and reservoirs for HEP and water supply to cities

57
Q

what is the problem for biomes once they have been cleared ?

A

cant grow back

58
Q

what are the benefits of commercial exploitation ?

A

provides profits for TNC’s

jobs are provided for people

good income for government

59
Q

what are the negatives/drawbacks of commercial exploitation ?

A

many ecosystem services are destroyed

the areas that were once forest can no longer store carbon, prevent flooding or be used for recreation

60
Q

what do humans depend on our biomes for ?

A

preventing flooding

regulation of carbon dioxide levels

keeping soil healthy to grow crops

perform the hydrological cycle so we have clean water

61
Q

what are carbon sinks ?

A

natural stores for carbon containing chemical compounds like carbon dioxide(CO2) or methane (CH4)

62
Q

what is carbon sequestration ?

A

something storing carbon by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and locking it up in biotic material

63
Q

what is the process of photosynthesis ?

A

carbon dioxide + water + (sunlight) –> glucose + oxygen

64
Q

how do biomes store carbon ?

A

As biomass (leaves,branches,trunks,roots and animal tissue)

65
Q

when plants and animals die the dead biomass ends up in the soil.
what does this make the soil

A

an important carbon sink

66
Q

how much carbon do biomes on land absorb per year ?

A

120 billion tonnes

67
Q

what are ways that more carbon can end up in our atmosphere ?

A

Humans destroy biomes - through deforestation so biomes cant absorb as carbon dioxide

biomass such as trees are burned, and soil destroyed, releasing their stored carbon

68
Q

Nutrients cycle 1

A

Ans

69
Q

N

A

A

70
Q

N

A

A

71
Q

N

A

A

72
Q

What was the veiw of thomas malthus ?

A

Pessimistic - population will eventually grow so large that the planet will run out of food, water and energy and other resources, leading to crisis

73
Q

What was the veiw of Ester Boserup ?

A

Optimistic - As population grows, humans invent new technologies to allow more food to be grown, and more resources to be supplied

Geography (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions