Paper 3 Mock Revision

Question 1

Traditional Marxism Sociologists (20 Marks)

Answer 1

Karl Marx

Question 2

Neo-Marxism Sociologists (20 Marks)

Answer 2

Gramsi + Althusser

Question 3

Role of the State Sociologist (20 Marks)

Answer 3

Althusser

Question 4

Traditional Marxism Concept (20 Marks)

Answer 4

A divide between the working class and the ruling class, over the capital.
The Bourgeoisie wanted to ensure as much profit as possible.
The Proletariat wanted to ensure a higher wage.
Marx stated that the Bourgeoisie exploited and alienated the Proletariat to get as much labour out of them for as little as possible.

IT IS USEFUL due to understanding the inequality in society and development of stratification.

Question 5

Neo-Marxism Concept (20 Marks)

Answer 5

Argued against Marx about the revolution and stated that it was delayed due to the subtle forms of exploitation and indoctrination of the ruling class over the working class. 
Gramsi- cultural hegemony- the domination or rule maintained through ideological or cultural means. Eg- The development of the media, religion or education. etc. 
Led to dual consciousness- where they became aware of their exploitation. 

IT IS USEFUL due to explaining social and economic polices to quash any uprisings and provide consent.

Question 6

Role of the state Concept (20 Marks)

Answer 6

Ideological State Apparatus- The education system reinforces the ideas of meritocracy upon its students. Helps control behaviour by offering rewards those who comply in society.

Repressive State Apparatus- Is used to control the masses by force, with the threat of military, police or the legal system if workers are not compliant.

IT IS USEFUL as these both work together and explain the power of the ruling class to enforce its will on the people.

Question 7

Two ways in which the media gives a distorted view of crime (4 Marks)

Answer 7

• Romanticising the criminals:
  Are seen as clever and daring.
• Over exaggerating the chances of becoming a victim:
  Females are scared of becoming victims due to the media representations of female victims.

Question 8

Three reasons why females may be less likely than males to commit crime (6 Marks)

Answer 8

• Women are carers and nurtures:
  Gives girls a positive role model and discourages them from committing crime.
• Social control of women:
  Their domestic roles imposes restrictions on their time so there is less opportunity for them to commit crime.
• Gender socialisation is different between males and females:
  Boys are encouraged to be tough and aggressive which makes them more likely to commit crime.

Question 9

Two reasons why situational crime prevention may NOT be effective in reducing crime (10 Marks)

Answer 9

1. Target Hardening: increasing the security to make it more difficult to commit crime.
   Causing displacement.
   A02- Felson- ‘design crime out’ of a particular area.
   A03- Chaiken et al- method doesn’t always reduce crime but just moves it. Targets working class.
2. Doesn’t deal with white collar crime:

Question 10

Two advantages of using official statistics in sociological research (10 Marks)

Answer 10

A01: Allows us to stop subjective bias of the research due to detached research. Can spot trends, correlations etc.
A02: Pluralists favour these due to the available generalisation of the trends and correlations found.
A03: However Marxists and Feminists argue it serves the interests elite group.

A01: Many are freely available to the general public as they are paid by taxes. This is an advantage against ‘privately collected data’.
A02: Example, Office of National Statistics (ONS)
A03: Due to the easy access people can do comparative social research without needing ‘people skills’.

Question 11

Strain Theory Sociologist (30 Marks)

Answer 11

Merton

What the institutional structure of society allows them to achieve legitimacy.

Question 12

Status Frustration Sociologist (30 Marks)

Answer 12

Cohen

Deviance is a working class problem as a result of being unstable to achieve.

Question 13

Adaption and Change Example (30 Marks)

Answer 13

Protests which include violence can be seen as deviant but have a good outcome.

Question 14

Boundary Maintenance Sociologist (30 Marks)

Answer 14

Durkheim

Punishment of the criminal reaffirms societies norms and values.

Question 15

Strain Theory A01 and A03 (30 Marks)

Answer 15

A01: People get involved with deviant behaviour where they are not able to achieve their goals through legitimate ways.

A03: Crime which does not have any material gain is ignored.

Question 16

Status Frustration A01 and A03 (30 Marks)

Answer 16

A01: Deviance is dominantly working class due to the inability to achieve their success/ dream.

A03: Due to this a subculture is more likely to be formed.

Question 17

Adaption and Change A01 and A03 (30 Marks)

Answer 17

A01: All change starts with an act of deviance and change occurs after this.

A03: This means crime has to be there for this to happen which creates a problem for society.

Question 18

Boundary Maintenance A01 and A03 (30 Marks)

Answer 18

A01: Crime produces a reaction from society which then goes onto unite members from that society.

A03: This fails to address the causes of crime.