paper 3 formulas Flashcards

1
Q

total cost

A

total fixed cost + total variable cost
or
average cost x quantity

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2
Q

total fixed costs

A

total costs - total variable costs
or
average fixed costs x quantity

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3
Q

total variable cost

A

total cost - total fixed costd
or
average variable costs x quantity

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4
Q

average cost

A

total cost / quantity

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5
Q

marginal cost

A

change in total cost / change in quantity

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6
Q

profit

A

total revenue - total costs

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7
Q

average product

A

total product / quantity of labor

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8
Q

marginal product

A

change in total product / change in quantity of labor

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9
Q

total revenue

A

price x quantity

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10
Q

average revenue

A

total revenue / quantity = price

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11
Q

marginal revenue

A

change in total revenue / change in quantity

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12
Q

supernormal profit

A

AR > AC

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13
Q

subnormal profit

A

AR < AC

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14
Q

profit max

A

MR = MC

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15
Q

revenue max

A

MR = 0

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16
Q

AC = AR

A

normal profit
sales max
breakeven
entry limit price (the price that prevents new firms from entering the market)

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17
Q

allocative efficiency

A

D = S
MSB = MSC
P = MC

18
Q

productive efficiency

A

min point on AC
AC = MC

19
Q

x efficiency

A

at any point on AC

20
Q

dynamic efficiency

A

LR supernormal profit

21
Q

minimum efficient scale

A

at the lowest quantity level
when AC stops decreasing

22
Q

shutdown condition

A

AR = AVC
AR < AVC

23
Q

average utility

A

total utility / quantity

24
Q

marginal utility

A

change in total utility / change in quantity

25
Q

utility max

A

MU = 0

26
Q

social cost

A

private costs + external costs

27
Q

social benefit

A

PB + EB

28
Q

profit max labor market

A

marginal revenue product = marginal cost of labor

29
Q

PED

A

% change in QD / % change in price

30
Q

PES

A

% change in QS / % change in P

31
Q

XED

A

% change in QD of good A / % change in P of good B

32
Q

YED

A

% change in QD / % change in Y

33
Q

GDP

A

output method, income method, expenditure method

34
Q

nominal GDP

A

quantity x current prices

35
Q

real GDP

A

Q x constant prices (prices in base year)

nominal GDP / price index * 100

36
Q

GDP deflator

A

nominal GDP / real GDP x 100

37
Q

GNI

A

GDP + net factor income

38
Q

green GDP

A

GDP - environmental costs

39
Q

AD

A

C + I + G + (X-M)

40
Q

multiplier

A

1 / 1 - MPC
1 / MPW (MPS + MPM + MPT)

41
Q

index number

A

current value / raw value in base year

42
Q

% change

A

difference / original x 100