Paper 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Lab Experiment
A
- Conducted under highly controlled conditions (not necessarily a laboratory), where accurate measurements are possible
- The researcher decides where the experiment will take place, at what time, with which participants, in what circumstances and using a standardized procedure
2
Q
Field Experiment
A
- Are done in the everyday (i.e. real life) environment of the participants
- The experimenter still manipulates the independent variable, but in a real-life setting (so cannot really control extraneous variables)
3
Q
Quasi Experiment
A
- Participants cannot be randomly assigned to the independent variable
- The independent variable can not be randomly assigned because it is an innate difference of the participants themselves (eg. depressed versus non-depressed)
- Quasi-experiments are most likely to be conducted in field settings in which random assignment is difficult or impossible
4
Q
Natural Experiment
A
- Are conducted in the everyday (i.e. real life) environment of the participants
- The experimenter has no control over the independent variable as it occurs naturally in real life
5
Q
Correlational Study
A
- Correlational research is a type of nonexperimental research in which the researcher measures two variables and assesses the statistical relationship (i.e., the correlation) between them with little or no effort to control extraneous variables
6
Q
Questionnaire
A
- Written self-report technique where participants are given a pre-set number of questions to respond to
- They can be administered in person, by post, online, over the telephone, or to a group of participants simultaneously
7
Q
Naturalistic Observation
A
- Overt vs covert
- Participant vs non-participant
- Enables researchers to experience particular phenomena
- Descriptive data provides insight into subjective experiences of subjects in naturalistic environment
8
Q
Unstructured Interview
A
- Discussion evolves with no fixed questions
- Uncover and understand participants experiences with phenomena
- Flexible
- Open-ended questions
- Informal discussion / conversation
9
Q
Semi-Structured Interview
A
- General areas of discussion
- Both open-ended and close-ended
- In-depth depending on responses
- Informal discussion / conversation
10
Q
Survey
A
- Structured Q & A
- Close-ended questions
11
Q
Focused Group Interview
A
- Multiple participants
- Interviewer as facilitator
- Interaction between participants
- Informal discussion / conversation
12
Q
Opportunity Sampling
A
- Participants are anyone who is available and willing to take part in the study
- Quick and convenient
- Experimenter bias
- May be unrepresentative
13
Q
Volunteer Sampling
A
- Participants self-select to become part of a study because they volunteer when asked, or respond to an advert
- No experimenter bias
- Slow and inconvenient
- May be unrepresentative
14
Q
Random Sampling
A
- Entire population has an equal probability of being chosen
- No bias
- Slow and inconvenient
- May be unrepresentative
15
Q
Purposive Sampling
A
- Participants participate because they share characteristics of interest
- May be recruited via advertising, referral, direct contact, snowballing
- Non-representative sample
- Experimenter bias
