Paper 3

Question 1

What should you include in your introduction?

Answer 1

Big ideas, tone, perspective, themes

Question 2

How to approach critics

Answer 2

Say in X’s critical study of…

Whilst X’s point is interesting, it seems to neglect…

Question 3

What was the Edwardian era know for?

Answer 3

Known for its sensory elegance

Writers used synaesthetic imagery to convey ideas and opinions

Question 4

Intellectual advancements Victorian era

Answer 4

Darwinian theory and book ‘the origin of species’ contributed to confliction between religion and science

Question 5

Hierarchy Victorian era

Answer 5

Large hierarchal divide.

Growth of industrial revolution lead to economic disparity between working and upper classes

Question 6

Attitudes towards women Victorian era

Answer 6

Attitudes towards men and women exemplified a gender double standard, women being expected to uphold traditional feminine values

Question 7

Fallen women

Answer 7

• Acting as a living representative of failing heirachal and marriage institutions
• Based gender imbalance on Eve’s original sin
• Were therefore marginalised from society

Question 8

Fabian society

Answer 8

A liberal, progressive group of academics founded in 1884

Wanted gentle, evolutionary, socialist views to be a part of British society, moving away from the rigid class hierarchy

Question 9

Writers Fabian society

Answer 9

George Bernard shaw

H. G. Wells

Question 10

Outline ‘The Angel of the House’

Answer 10

Published by Coventry Patmore in 1884, outlining male and female gender roles

Women were said to be made for ‘sweet ordering, arrangement and decision’

Question 11

Aesthetic movement

Answer 11

Championed the uncoupling of art and morality, denouncing the edifying purpose of art, therefore challenging mainstream Victorian culture.

Pure persuit of beauty ‘Art for art’s sake’

Most prominent 1880s-1890s

Question 12

Attitudes of Modernist era

Answer 12

Society heavily influence by aftermath of WW1

This lead individuals to retreat from positions of community into introspection.

Question 13

Things that influenced attitudes of modernist era

Answer 13

Dismantlement of class system (due to citizens fighting together in war)

Increasing religious dubiety causing a lack of societal cohesion

New research Eg. Freud’s psychodynamic approach drew attention to the importance of one’s psychology. One of his most acclaimed theories: the continuous conflict between Id, ego and superego

Question 14

How did modernist era effect literature?

Answer 14

Writers broke away from antiquated linguistic rules and traditions exercised by Victorian era.

Many texts displayed an overlying melancholy, representative of the many individuals and businesses that had been left destitute following the war

Question 15

1920s attitudes

Answer 15

Initial period of extravagance and celebration following the war.

This was undercut by the Wall Street crash in 1929 and following Great Depression

Question 16

Outline the Great Depression

Answer 16

Followed Wall Street crash of 1929

Mass unemployment and poverty.

Individuals desired to escape economic depression so would travel miles looking for work.

Food was scarce, disease being plentiful

Question 17

Women modernist era

Answer 17

Suffragist movement in the early 20th century challenged traditional, subservient roles of women

Other figureheads such as 1920s ‘flappers’ were also emblematic of increasing female liberation

Question 18

Results of suffragist movement

Answer 18

Lead to 1918 ‘Representation of the People Act,’ granting the vote to women over the age of thirty

This later contributed to modern legislation, allowing all women over 18 to vote

Question 19

Bloomsbury group

Answer 19

A circle of writers, artists and intellectuals living in Bloomsbury, London

Sought freedom to develop their own ideas and lifestyles without the restriction of political convention and linguistic form

Members: Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell

Question 20

Woolf’s personal beliefs

Answer 20

She believed that people didn’t experience life as presented by previous, realist novelists (written in voice of omniscient narrator).

Instead, she suggested that life should be observed from a myriad of perspectives and impressions.

Question 21

Key text modernist era

Answer 21

T. S. Elliot’s ‘The Wasteland,’ the poem written from shifting perspective and impressions, documenting existential themes of war, trauma and disillusion.

These notions are embedded within naturalistic imagery, many modernist poets using nature as a springboard to depict the desolation of humankind.