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PE > Paper 2 - Socio-Cultural Influences > Flashcards

Paper 2 - Socio-Cultural Influences Flashcards

1
Q

Commercialisation

A

The process by which a new product or service is introduced into the general market

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2
Q

Media

A

The main ways that people communicate (television, radio, newspapers) collectively

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3
Q

Sponsorship

A

Where a company pays money to a team or individual in return for advertising their goods

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4
Q

Golden Triangle

A

The financial relationship between sport, sponsors and media

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5
Q

PRACTISE QUESTION:

In commercialised sport how does the ‘golden triangle’ work?

(4 marks)

A
  • Media uses sport to gain viewers
  • Media used by business for advertising; business pays for media advertising space/time
  • Business pays sport to act as advertising medium
  • Sport must be in media to attract sponsorship
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6
Q

PRACTISE QUESTION:

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the golden triangle?

(4 marks)

A

ADVANTAGES:

  • sport gets money for events being televised
  • sport becomes popularised

DISADVANTAGES:

  • Only ‘popular’ sports are televised
  • The media affects the timing of sports events
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7
Q

Why are sponsors good?

A

Without sponsors in sport, sport would have changed by a lot, due to the money that the sponsors bring to the sport

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8
Q

Spectators

A

People who watch sport, can be at the event or watching/listening/reading - ‘armchair spectating’

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9
Q

Philanthropic Sponsors

A

Sponsors whose aim is to support the local community

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10
Q

What does the sponsor get out of being a sponsor

A

PAST:

P - Publicity
A - Association
S - Support
T - Tax Deductible

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11
Q

Negatives to sponsoring a sport

A
  • being linked to an activity that is performing badly reflects badly on the sponsor
  • Negative aspects to a sport, eg cheating/violence/bad results negatively affects the sponsor
  • if the sport/activity is seen in a bad light by the spectators/public, sponsors name may be seen in a bad light
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12
Q

New sports being created:

A
  • T20 cricket
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13
Q

Sport that is good for the media has the following characteristics:

A
  • Demonstrates skill, strength and physical fitness
  • It is competitive and spectacular with detail available
  • Simple rule structures
  • Personalities easily identified
  • Easy to televise
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14
Q

TV - Adv

A
  • provides images that are transmitted live

- commentary

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15
Q

TV - Disadv

A
  • Not as much in depth info
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16
Q

Radio - Adv

A
  • provides in detail info about sport

- provides commentary (paints a picture for the viewer)

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17
Q

Radio - Disadv

A
  • no live images
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18
Q

Broadsheet Newspapers

A

Less of the total paper devoted to sport, but a more varied coverage in terms of a wider range of sports. Also tend to provide critical analysis

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19
Q

Tabloid Newspapers

A

Tend tom sensationalise events and personalities. Tend to focus on a narrow range of popular sports, little coverage of minority sports. Greater proportion of the total newspaper (up to a quarter) devoted to sport

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20
Q

Social Media

A

Websites and applications that allow users to share and create content

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21
Q

Social media Adv

A

Fans can interact with each other
Create/Share info
Sponsors can share their product

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22
Q

Social Media Disadv

A

Delayed info - after the match

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23
Q

Commercialised Activity and Performer Adv

A
  • High income
    • Team and individual performances improve
  • Gets free equipment
    Role model
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24
Q

Commercialised Activity and the Performer Disadv

A
  • Loss of free time and privacy
    • Product at not be entirely suitable to performers values
    • Poor results may lead to loss of sponsorship
    • May result in cheating
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25
Q

Commercialised Activity and the Sport adv

A
  • Sponsorship has increased the income for many sports

- Sponsorship relies on the media, and the media focus on popular sports, so only popular sports get big money

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26
Q

Commercialised Activity and the Sport Disadv

A
  • As sponsors are putting so much money into sport they are gaining more control over what/when/who is shown
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27
Q

Commercialised Activity and the Officials Adv

A
  • Officials get paid to officiate with income increasing
    • A top official can get lots of money, up to £100,000 a year
    • Lots of officials have become famous
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28
Q

Commercialised Activity and the Officials Disadv

A
  • Officials are regularly placed in the media spotlight over decisions they have made
    • Making a bad decision can lead to being dropped
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29
Q

Commercialised Activity and the Spectator Adv

A
  • There is more money available fo better players to be brought in meaning matches are plated t a higher standard
    • Facilities have improved for spectating at a match
    • There is more involvement through the use of huge TV screens to show replays
    • Spectators can also associate themselves clearly through buying merchandise
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30
Q

Commercialised Activity and the Spectator Disadv

A
  • There is isolation from the live match if you are watching at home
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31
Q

Commercialised Activity and the Sponsor Adv

A

Advertising through sport attracts a very large audience with many people wanting to be associated with sporting success

32
Q

Commercialisation and the Sponsor Disadv

A

Advertising through sport attracts a very large audience with many people wanting to be associated with sporting success

33
Q

Technology

A

A method that is developed to try and improve performance

34
Q

Hawkeye

A

An optical ball-tracking device use as an aid to officiating in tennis and cricket

35
Q

TMO

A

Used in rugby union/league to make decisions using replays

36
Q

Prosthetics

A

Artificial aid; often replacing a limb

37
Q

Match Analysis

A

Computer software tht provides detailed statistical data about individual/team performance

38
Q

Ice baths

A

Used to reduce temperature in muscles after activity to speed up recovery

39
Q

Oxygen (hypoxic)

A

Tents that contain high o2 concentrations to speed up recovery after injury

40
Q

Hyperbaric chamber

A

High pressure chambers that force o2 into an injury to speed up recovery

41
Q

Impacts of tech on performer adv

A

It can help players gain points, for example in football, VAR is used so that players could get goals

  • It can help players stay in the game, for example in football, VAR is used so that players could lose goals
  • Technology helps Paralympic althletes, as technology could give them running aids
  • Ice baths help muscle recovery
42
Q

Impacts of tech on performer disadv

A
  • It can help the opposition gain points, for example in football, VAR is used so that players could get goals
  • It could mean that players lose points, for example in football, VAR is used so that players could lose goals
  • Could slow the game
43
Q

Impact of tech on sport adv

A
  • Could mean that fair decisions are made
  • Analysis means that coaches can give feedback
  • Improved design of sport equipment
  • Referees are able to make better decisions
  • Prodives spectators with better viewing
44
Q

Impact of tech on sport disadv

A

Referees are not able to make their own decision

- Slows the sport down

45
Q

Impact of tech on spectators adv

A
  • Gives them a better view of the sport
  • Action replays are provided to give a good quality replay
  • In depth match analysis so that spectators can understand the sport better
46
Q

Impacts of tech on spectators disadv

A

Slows the sport down

- More money means that more seats go to corporate people and sponsors

47
Q

Impacts of tech on officials adv

A
  • Helps them make good decisions

- Multiple camera angles so that they can make a good decision

48
Q

Impact of tech on officials disadv

A
  • If they make a wrong decision, they may not be included in future matches
  • The pubic may look down on them if they get a decision wrong
  • They may rely too heavily on technology
49
Q

Impact of tech on sponsors adv

A
  • Improves how they are able to advertise their products
  • More cameras mean more chance of the sponsor being shown
  • More advertising means more sales
50
Q

Impact of tech on sponsors disadv

A
  • Injuries, cheating, losing can negatively affect the sponsor through their links with the sport
51
Q

Etiquette

A

The unwritten rules concerning a players behaviour

52
Q

Sportsmanship

A

Appropriate polite ad fair behaviour whilst participating in a sporting event

53
Q

Gamesmanship

A

The use of dubious methods, that are not strictly illegal, to gain an advantage

54
Q

Contract to compete

A

Agreeing to play by the rules, tying to win but also allowing your opponent to play

55
Q

National Governing Body

A

Organisation with responsibility for managing their specific sport

56
Q

International Olympic Committee

A

The indépendant authority of the worldwide modern Olympic movement. It organises the Olympic Games

57
Q

Ergogenic aid

A

A technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance

58
Q

Advantages to performer for taking PED’s

A

FILS:

F-Fame
I- Income
L-Level playing field
S-Success

59
Q

Performer taking PED’s disadvantages

A

CBFRH:

C-Cheating
B-Bans
F-Fines
R-Reputation
H-Health Risks
60
Q

Home Field Advantage

A

The psychological advantage that the home team has over the visiting team as a result of playing in familiar facilités in front of supportive fans

61
Q

Hooliganism

A

Rowdy, violent or destructive behaviour

62
Q

Reasons for Hooliganism

A
  • Rivalry between local teams
  • alcohol consumption
  • tribal behaviour, linked to gang culture
  • frustration
  • rituals
  • masculinity
63
Q

Combating Hooliganism:

A
  • prevention of known hooligans from attending, but they have to create a list which costs money
  • alcohol is not served at match, but lack of income for pubs
  • all seater stadiums, but cost
  • improved level of policing, but cost up to £1m per year in PL
  • CCTV cams, but cost
64
Q

Participation Figures:

A 
Only 36% of people participate physically in active sport
17% with disability 
38% BAME
26% lowest socia economic groups
Male 41%
Female 31%
65
Q

Stereotypes about women

A
  • lack strength/endurance
    Too much physical activity limits a worms ability to give birth
    Women who train hard become ‘male like’ and have their sexual orientation questioned
    A woman plays a home carer role at home
66
Q

Barrier to participation with women

A

Sport is male dominated
Elite female sport women receive less media coverage
Receive less support from friends/family
Facilités for women have developed slower
Media coverage for women sometimes focuses of looks/family life (unnessacary)

67
Q

Why do some ethnic minorities participate less?

A

Discrimination
Not enough money
Accepted their place in society
Not a lot of self confidence

68
Q

Other factors affecting participation

A
  • lots of elite performers from ethnic minorities in eg football, as they are inexpensive, compared to eg golf
  • age, school kids participate as PE is compulsory, but as you get older participation decreases
  • supportiveness of family/friends
    Peer groups/peer pressure
69
Q

Disability

A

A physical or mental condition that limits a persons movement/senses/activities

70
Q

Main categories of disability

A

3 impairments:

Mobility, sensory, mental

71
Q

Benefits of integration

A

Less stereotyping

Fewer barriers

72
Q

Adapted Sports:

A

Boccia - similar to bowls

Goalball - court game for visually impaired

73
Q

Barriers to participation

A 
Attitudes
Role Models
Accessibility
Media coverage
Sexism/Stereotyping
Culture
Education
Socio Economic Factors
74
Q

MediA Coverage on participation - positive

A 
Attendences may rise
Supporters better informed
Encourages Participation
Attracts Sponsors
Develops Personalities
75
Q

Benefits to parcticipation and the media neg

A 
Attendances may fall as viewers watch from home
Minor sports not shown on TV
Changes to playing season
Changes to even timings
Changes to rules
76
Q

Factors affecting Participation (acronym)

A

TIME:

T-Time (lack of)
I- income (lack of
M- Mobility (no transport)
E- education ( awareness of benefits)

PE (4 decks)

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