Paper 2 - Socio-Cultural Influences Flashcards
1
Q
Commercialisation
A
The process by which a new product or service is introduced into the general market
2
Q
Media
A
The main ways that people communicate (television, radio, newspapers) collectively
3
Q
Sponsorship
A
Where a company pays money to a team or individual in return for advertising their goods
4
Q
Golden Triangle
A
The financial relationship between sport, sponsors and media
5
Q
PRACTISE QUESTION:
In commercialised sport how does the ‘golden triangle’ work?
(4 marks)
A
- Media uses sport to gain viewers
- Media used by business for advertising; business pays for media advertising space/time
- Business pays sport to act as advertising medium
- Sport must be in media to attract sponsorship
6
Q
PRACTISE QUESTION:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the golden triangle?
(4 marks)
A
ADVANTAGES:
- sport gets money for events being televised
- sport becomes popularised
DISADVANTAGES:
- Only ‘popular’ sports are televised
- The media affects the timing of sports events
7
Q
Why are sponsors good?
A
Without sponsors in sport, sport would have changed by a lot, due to the money that the sponsors bring to the sport
8
Q
Spectators
A
People who watch sport, can be at the event or watching/listening/reading - ‘armchair spectating’
9
Q
Philanthropic Sponsors
A
Sponsors whose aim is to support the local community
10
Q
What does the sponsor get out of being a sponsor
A
PAST:
P - Publicity
A - Association
S - Support
T - Tax Deductible
11
Q
Negatives to sponsoring a sport
A
- being linked to an activity that is performing badly reflects badly on the sponsor
- Negative aspects to a sport, eg cheating/violence/bad results negatively affects the sponsor
- if the sport/activity is seen in a bad light by the spectators/public, sponsors name may be seen in a bad light
12
Q
New sports being created:
A
- T20 cricket
13
Q
Sport that is good for the media has the following characteristics:
A
- Demonstrates skill, strength and physical fitness
- It is competitive and spectacular with detail available
- Simple rule structures
- Personalities easily identified
- Easy to televise
14
Q
TV - Adv
A
- provides images that are transmitted live
- commentary
15
Q
TV - Disadv
A
- Not as much in depth info
16
Q
Radio - Adv
A
- provides in detail info about sport
- provides commentary (paints a picture for the viewer)
17
Q
Radio - Disadv
A
- no live images
18
Q
Broadsheet Newspapers
A
Less of the total paper devoted to sport, but a more varied coverage in terms of a wider range of sports. Also tend to provide critical analysis
19
Q
Tabloid Newspapers
A
Tend tom sensationalise events and personalities. Tend to focus on a narrow range of popular sports, little coverage of minority sports. Greater proportion of the total newspaper (up to a quarter) devoted to sport
20
Q
Social Media
A
Websites and applications that allow users to share and create content
21
Q
Social media Adv
A
Fans can interact with each other
Create/Share info
Sponsors can share their product
22
Q
Social Media Disadv
A
Delayed info - after the match
23
Q
Commercialised Activity and Performer Adv
A
- High income
- Team and individual performances improve
- Gets free equipment
Role model
24
Q
Commercialised Activity and the Performer Disadv
A
- Loss of free time and privacy
- Product at not be entirely suitable to performers values
- Poor results may lead to loss of sponsorship
- May result in cheating
25
Commercialised Activity and the Sport adv
- Sponsorship has increased the income for many sports
| - Sponsorship relies on the media, and the media focus on popular sports, so only popular sports get big money
26
Commercialised Activity and the Sport Disadv
- As sponsors are putting so much money into sport they are gaining more control over what/when/who is shown
27
Commercialised Activity and the Officials Adv
- Officials get paid to officiate with income increasing
- A top official can get lots of money, up to £100,000 a year
- Lots of officials have become famous
28
Commercialised Activity and the Officials Disadv
- Officials are regularly placed in the media spotlight over decisions they have made
- Making a bad decision can lead to being dropped
29
Commercialised Activity and the Spectator Adv
- There is more money available fo better players to be brought in meaning matches are plated t a higher standard
- Facilities have improved for spectating at a match
- There is more involvement through the use of huge TV screens to show replays
- Spectators can also associate themselves clearly through buying merchandise
30
Commercialised Activity and the Spectator Disadv
- There is isolation from the live match if you are watching at home
31
Commercialised Activity and the Sponsor Adv
Advertising through sport attracts a very large audience with many people wanting to be associated with sporting success
32
Commercialisation and the Sponsor Disadv
Advertising through sport attracts a very large audience with many people wanting to be associated with sporting success
33
Technology
A method that is developed to try and improve performance
34
Hawkeye
An optical ball-tracking device use as an aid to officiating in tennis and cricket
35
TMO
Used in rugby union/league to make decisions using replays
36
Prosthetics
Artificial aid; often replacing a limb
37
Match Analysis
Computer software tht provides detailed statistical data about individual/team performance
38
Ice baths
Used to reduce temperature in muscles after activity to speed up recovery
39
Oxygen (hypoxic)
Tents that contain high o2 concentrations to speed up recovery after injury
40
Hyperbaric chamber
High pressure chambers that force o2 into an injury to speed up recovery
41
Impacts of tech on performer adv
It can help players gain points, for example in football, VAR is used so that players could get goals
- It can help players stay in the game, for example in football, VAR is used so that players could lose goals
- Technology helps Paralympic althletes, as technology could give them running aids
- Ice baths help muscle recovery
42
Impacts of tech on performer disadv
- It can help the opposition gain points, for example in football, VAR is used so that players could get goals
- It could mean that players lose points, for example in football, VAR is used so that players could lose goals
- Could slow the game
43
Impact of tech on sport adv
- Could mean that fair decisions are made
- Analysis means that coaches can give feedback
- Improved design of sport equipment
- Referees are able to make better decisions
- Prodives spectators with better viewing
44
Impact of tech on sport disadv
Referees are not able to make their own decision
| - Slows the sport down
45
Impact of tech on spectators adv
- Gives them a better view of the sport
- Action replays are provided to give a good quality replay
- In depth match analysis so that spectators can understand the sport better
46
Impacts of tech on spectators disadv
Slows the sport down
| - More money means that more seats go to corporate people and sponsors
47
Impacts of tech on officials adv
- Helps them make good decisions
| - Multiple camera angles so that they can make a good decision
48
Impact of tech on officials disadv
- If they make a wrong decision, they may not be included in future matches
- The pubic may look down on them if they get a decision wrong
- They may rely too heavily on technology
49
Impact of tech on sponsors adv
- Improves how they are able to advertise their products
- More cameras mean more chance of the sponsor being shown
- More advertising means more sales
50
Impact of tech on sponsors disadv
- Injuries, cheating, losing can negatively affect the sponsor through their links with the sport
51
Etiquette
The unwritten rules concerning a players behaviour
52
Sportsmanship
Appropriate polite ad fair behaviour whilst participating in a sporting event
53
Gamesmanship
The use of dubious methods, that are not strictly illegal, to gain an advantage
54
Contract to compete
Agreeing to play by the rules, tying to win but also allowing your opponent to play
55
National Governing Body
Organisation with responsibility for managing their specific sport
56
International Olympic Committee
The indépendant authority of the worldwide modern Olympic movement. It organises the Olympic Games
57
Ergogenic aid
A technique or substance used for the purpose of enhancing performance
58
Advantages to performer for taking PED’s
FILS:
F-Fame
I- Income
L-Level playing field
S-Success
59
Performer taking PED’s disadvantages
CBFRH:
```
C-Cheating
B-Bans
F-Fines
R-Reputation
H-Health Risks
```
60
Home Field Advantage
The psychological advantage that the home team has over the visiting team as a result of playing in familiar facilités in front of supportive fans
61
Hooliganism
Rowdy, violent or destructive behaviour
62
Reasons for Hooliganism
- Rivalry between local teams
- alcohol consumption
- tribal behaviour, linked to gang culture
- frustration
- rituals
- masculinity
63
Combating Hooliganism:
- prevention of known hooligans from attending, but they have to create a list which costs money
- alcohol is not served at match, but lack of income for pubs
- all seater stadiums, but cost
- improved level of policing, but cost up to £1m per year in PL
- CCTV cams, but cost
64
Participation Figures:
```
Only 36% of people participate physically in active sport
17% with disability
38% BAME
26% lowest socia economic groups
Male 41%
Female 31%
```
65
Stereotypes about women
- lack strength/endurance
Too much physical activity limits a worms ability to give birth
Women who train hard become ‘male like’ and have their sexual orientation questioned
A woman plays a home carer role at home
66
Barrier to participation with women
Sport is male dominated
Elite female sport women receive less media coverage
Receive less support from friends/family
Facilités for women have developed slower
Media coverage for women sometimes focuses of looks/family life (unnessacary)
67
Why do some ethnic minorities participate less?
Discrimination
Not enough money
Accepted their place in society
Not a lot of self confidence
68
Other factors affecting participation
- lots of elite performers from ethnic minorities in eg football, as they are inexpensive, compared to eg golf
- age, school kids participate as PE is compulsory, but as you get older participation decreases
- supportiveness of family/friends
Peer groups/peer pressure
69
Disability
A physical or mental condition that limits a persons movement/senses/activities
70
Main categories of disability
3 impairments:
| Mobility, sensory, mental
71
Benefits of integration
Less stereotyping
| Fewer barriers
72
Adapted Sports:
Boccia - similar to bowls
| Goalball - court game for visually impaired
73
Barriers to participation
```
Attitudes
Role Models
Accessibility
Media coverage
Sexism/Stereotyping
Culture
Education
Socio Economic Factors
```
74
MediA Coverage on participation - positive
```
Attendences may rise
Supporters better informed
Encourages Participation
Attracts Sponsors
Develops Personalities
```
75
Benefits to parcticipation and the media neg
```
Attendances may fall as viewers watch from home
Minor sports not shown on TV
Changes to playing season
Changes to even timings
Changes to rules
```
76
Factors affecting Participation (acronym)
TIME:
T-Time (lack of)
I- income (lack of
M- Mobility (no transport)
E- education ( awareness of benefits)
