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Geography > Paper 2, Section A : Land/Water Based processes > Flashcards

Paper 2, Section A : Land/Water Based processes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is weathering?

A

The breakdown of rocks by natural processes

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2
Q

What is biological weathering?

A

When plants and animals wear away rocks

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3
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

When weak acid from rain water wears away the Rock
The acid reacts with alkaline rock ( limestone and chalk ) and dissolves it

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4
Q

What is mechanical / physical weathering?

A

Freeze-thaw weathering:
Changes in temperature cause water in a crack of a rock to freeze and expand and melt and contract , overtime weakening the rock

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5
Q

What are the three weathering processes?

A

Biological
Chemical
Physical

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6
Q

What are the four mass movement processes?

A

Slides
Slumps
Falls
Soil creep

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7
Q

What are slides ?

A

A mass of earth or rock slides along a steep slope,
They are rapid

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8
Q

What are slumps?

A

Soft clay becomes saturated,
The weight of the cliff under gravity causes it to collapse,
They are rapid

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9
Q

What are falls?

A

Rockfall off the river or cliff face,
( Can be caused by physical weathering, the rocks fall due to gravity )
They are rapid

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10
Q

What are soil creeps?

A

Soil gradually moves forward, because the soil particles expand when wet and contract in dry periods

This is a slow movement

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11
Q

What are the two water based categories of processes?

A

Erosion
Transportation

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12
Q

What is erosion?

A

When the action of water wears down rock

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13
Q

What are the four processes of erosion?

A

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

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14
Q

What is solution?

A

Weak acid in sea water or rain water in a river dissolves soluble rocks

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15
Q

What is abrasion?

A

When high energy waves or rivers scrape pebbles, sand and boulders along the river bed

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16
Q

What is attrition?

A

When rocks knock against each other

17
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

Water forces air into the crack of rocks, increasing pressure causes cracks to expand overtime

18
Q

What is transportation?

A

The way that rivers or oceans carry their load

19
Q

What are the four transportation processes?

A

Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution

20
Q

What is traction?

A

Large, heavy boulders are rolled along the river bed

21
Q

What is saltation?

A

Material is bounced along the river bed

22
Q

What is suspension?

A

Light sediment is suspended in the water

23
Q

What is solution (transportation)?

A

The transportation of dissolved chemicals/rocks

24
Q

What is deposition?

A

When sediment is dropped by a river, wave or glacier

Geography (4 decks)

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