Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

zChemistry > Paper 2-SC22,23,24 > Flashcards

Paper 2-SC22,23,24 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the first 4 prefixes?

A

Meth,eth,prop,but

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the carbon carbon double bond known as?

A

A functional group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain isomers?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Compounds with the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do some more research on isomers.

A

Okay.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens during combustion?

A

Oxidation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens if all the atoms from the hydrocarbon are fully oxidised?

A

The products are only water and carbon dioxide and it is complete combustion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What colour is dilute bromine water?

A

Orange-brown.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens when bromine water reacts with alkenes?

A

It becomes colourless but alkanes do not cause this so this is how you can tell difference.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why does the bromine water test work?

A

Because the CC double bond reacts with the bromine to form colourless product so the bromine is removed from solution so it loses colour.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an addition reaction?

A

A reaction in which the reactants combine to form one larger product molecule and no other products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an addition reaction with bromine test thing idk research?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do alcoholic drinks contain?

A

Ethanol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the formula for ethanol?

A

C2H5OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is ethanol in drinks made from?

A

Sugars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are sugars?

A

Small, soluble substances that belong to a group called carbohydrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do seeds contain?

A

A carbohydrate called starch. Starch is a long polyme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What must happen to starch to make alcohol?

A

It must be broken dopwn into sugars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hat happens to seeds before they are used?

A

They are germinated so the enzymes naturally turn the starch into sugars.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is used for beer?

A

Barley seeds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is used for wine?

A

Grapes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is used for whiskey?

A

Barley seeds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is used for vodka?

A

Wheat seeds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is fermentation?

A

Plant material containing sugars is mixed with water and yeast, enzymes in the yeast turn the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why must the pH and temp be carefully controlled during fermentation?

A

So the enzymes can work at their best.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is yeast fermentation a type of?

A

Anaerobic respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do you need to do in fermentation.

A

Allow CO2 to escape but keep air out.

29
Q

What is the highest concentration the fermentation process can produce?

A

15% as higher concentration kills the yeast cells.

30
Q

How are more concentrated alcohols made?

A

Fractional distillation as boiling point of ethanol is lower than the boiling point of water.

31
Q

What do organic compounds have?

A

A central framework of carbon atoms onto which hydrogen and other atoms are attached.

32
Q

Why do all alcohols have similar properties?

A

They all contain one OH functional group.

33
Q

What are some of the uses for alcohol?

A

Solvents for cosmetics, medical drugs and varnishes and fuel.

34
Q

What has more energy, petrol or butanol?

A

Butanol as it goes up up

35
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A long chain of atoms made from small molecules joined together.

36
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A small reactive molecule that can join together to form a polymer.

37
Q

What part of the polymer do we draw?

A

The repeating unit.

38
Q

What happens in addition polymerisation?

A

Alkenes can be linked as the double bond can snap[ and then join together with another one.

39
Q

How do we draw a repeating unit?

A

Draw the two lines on the outside going outside the brackets and put an n below the left side of the bracket outside.

40
Q

Look at this example of addition polymerisation.

A
41
Q

How do you name polymers?

A

You put poly(name of monomer).

42
Q

What is a synthetic polymer?

A

One that is manufactured in a laboratory

43
Q

What monomers is DNA made from?

A

nucleotides.

44
Q

What is starch made from?

A

A sugar called glucose

45
Q

What is protein made from?

A

Amino acids.

46
Q

What can you do to change the properties of polymers?

A

Add chemicals.

47
Q

What holds chains of polymers together?

A

Weak intermolecular forces.

48
Q

How do we overcome the weak forces holding together the chains of polymers?

A

We use plasticiser.

49
Q

What can we do to the polymer chain?

A

Change the length of it.

50
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

A reaction which produces water and the important product.

51
Q

What is a condensation polymerisation?

A

Joining monomers together to make a polymer and water is condensed.

52
Q

Are there by products in addition polymerisation?

A

No but for condensation polymerisation water is produced.

53
Q

What do you need to make a polymer?

A

2 functional groups one on each end so it can stick to both sides.

54
Q

What is a functional group?

A

An atom or group of atoms that is responsible for the properties and reactions of the compound.

55
Q

What is the functional group for alkenes?

A
56
Q

How do alcohols react?

A

Combust, dehydrate to alkenes, oxidise to carboxylic acids, reaction with alkali metals to form alkoxides.

57
Q

What is needed to dehydrate alcohol to alkenes?

A

Heat and a catalyst.

58
Q

What is needed to oxidise alcohols to carboxylic acids?

A

An oxydising agent.

59
Q

What is the carboxylic acid functional group?

A

COOH and it is drawn with one carbon.

60
Q

What is the alcohol functional group?

A

OH.

61
Q

What are esters?

A

Compounds formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid. water is also produced.

62
Q

What does alcohol lose when forming an ester?

A

A hydrogen.

63
Q

What does carboxylic acid lose when forming an acid?

A

OH.

64
Q

Where does the first part of the ester name come from?

A

The alcohol and ends in ‘yl’ so like ethyl.

65
Q

Where does the second part of the ester name come from?

A

The acid and ends in ‘ate’ so like propanoate.

66
Q

How do you do condensation polymerisation?

A

Remove 2 OH from acid and 2H from alcohol and stick them together forming an ester linkage.

67
Q

What is an ester linkage?

A
68
Q

How many lots of water does condensation polymerisation form?

A

2.

zChemistry (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions