Paper 2 key terms

Question 1

Power

Answer 1

Power is the ability to control or influence the behaviour of people.

Question 2

Sovereignty

Answer 2

Sovereignty refers to a state’s independence, its control over territory and its ability to govern itself.

Question 3

Legitimacy

Answer 3

Legitimacy refers to an actor or an action being commonly considered acceptable and provides the fundamental basis or rationale for all forms of governance and other ways of exercising power over others.

Question 4

Peace

Answer 4

Peace is often defined as both the absence of conflict and violence as well as a state of harmonious relations.

Question 5

Positive peace

Answer 5

Positive Peace is defined as the attitudes, institutions and structures that create and sustain peaceful societies.

Question 6

Negative peace

Answer 6

The absence of violence and conflict (aka ceasefire)

Question 7

Human rights

Answer 7

Human rights are basic claims and entitlements that, many argue, one should be able to exercise simply by virtue of being a human being.

Question 8

Interdependence

Answer 8

refers to the relationship between various nations where they grow dependent on one another

Question 9

Violence

Answer 9

Refers to physical or psychological force afflicted upon another being

Question 10

Conflict

Answer 10

Conflict is the dynamic process of actual or perceived opposition between individuals or groups.

Question 11

1st generation rights

Answer 11

The two central ideas were those of personal liberty, and of protecting the individual against violations by the state. (Civil and Political rights)

Question 12

2nd generation rights

Answer 12

Second generation rights are social, economic and cultural and include the rights to reasonable levels of education, healthcare, and housing and minority language rights.

Question 13

3rd generation rights

Answer 13

Refers to the collective rights of society or peoples, such as the right to sustainable development, to peace or to a healthy environment.

Question 14

Cultural rights

Answer 14

They are rights related to themes such as language; cultural and artistic production; participation in cultural life; cultural heritage; intellectual property rights; author’s rights; minorities and access to culture, among others.

Question 15

Civil rights

Answer 15

Civil rights are legal protections of individuals or groups from certain forms of oppression. Eg - Right to vote

Question 16

Economic and social rights

Answer 16

Economic and social rights are human rights that relate to our ability to live in dignity and participate fully in our society. They include rights related to the workplace, social security, and access to housing, food, water, health care and education.

Question 17

Realism

Answer 17

views world politics as an enduring competition among self-interested states vying for power and positioning within an anarchic global system devoid of a centralized authority.

Question 18

Relativism

Answer 18

The ethical theory of relativism suggests values to be culturally and individually determined.

Question 19

Liberalism

Answer 19

liberalism refers to an emphasis on interdependence and globalization between states, and denies that states are only self-interested in vying for power.