Paper 2 - Judaism (COMPLETE) Flashcards
1
Q
The Shema Prayer (Deuteronomy 4:6)
A
“Hear O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone.”
2
Q
Explain how God is one in Judaism
A
- Jews are monotheistic
- Shema prayer shows oneness of God
- God is one with several roles (creator, lawgiver and judge)
3
Q
Name 3 ways that Jews respect God
A
- Write G-d instead of God
- Never say God’s Hebrew name aloud, and use Adoni (my Lord) instead
- Books containing God’s Hebrew name are treated with dignity and respect, and are buried when too old to use
4
Q
Name 3 qualities of God as creator
A
- Omnipotent (all powerful)
- Omniscient (all knowing)
- Omnipresent (always present)
5
Q
Explain two contrasting beliefs about God as creator
A
Orthodox:
- Genesis is a literal truth
- The earth was made around 6000 years ago
- Reject scientific theories of evolution
Other Jews:
- Accept evolutionary theories
- Main message is that God made everything
6
Q
Explain two contrasting beliefs about God creating evil and free will
A
Some Jews:
- No concept that the devil created evil
- God must have created it
- Evil is seen as a necessary consquence of giving people free will
Other Jews:
- Hard to believe that God created evil
- Considering Jewish persecution (e.g Holocaust)
7
Q
Give three points about God’s role as lawgiver
A
- God gave laws for people to exercise their free will
- 10 Commandments are the foundation of the laws
- 613 mitzvot (laws) in total
8
Q
Give three points about God’s role as judge
A
- God judges everyone (not just Jews)
- His judgement is fair, merciful and loving
- Judges Jews at Rosh Hashanah and after death
9
Q
Give a quote from Isaiah to support the existence of the Shekhinah (divine presence)
A
“I beheld my Lord seated on a high and lofty throne”
10
Q
Give the Jewish names for:
- Heaven
- Place of waiting where soul will be cleansed
A
- Gan Eden
- Sheol
11
Q
Give two contrasting Jewish beliefs about judgement and resurrection
A
Some Jews:
- Will be judged immediately after death
Other Jews:
- Will be judged after the messianic age/coming of the Messiah (as mentioned in Daniel)
12
Q
Give a quote for judgement and resurrection (Daniel 12:2)
A
“Many of those that sleep in the dust of the earth will awake”
13
Q
Explain what the covenant at Mount Sinai involved
A
- 10 commandments carved on 2 stone tablets by Moses
- God would protect the Jews as long as they obeyed His laws
14
Q
Explain the importance of the covenant at Mount Sinai
A
- Gave the Jews guidance on how to create a society with basic rights
- Taught Jews how to live in peace with each other
15
Q
Explain two contrasting Jewish beliefs about the Messiah’s identity
A
Orthodox:
- Messiah will bring all Jews back to Israel
- Will uphold the law of the Torah
Reform Jews:
- Reject the idea of a Messiah
- Believe in a collective effort to bring about a messianic age of peace and unity
16
Q
Give a quote about the messianic age (Micah 4:3)
A
“Nation shall not take up sword against nation; they shall never again know war”
17
Q
State the three promises that the covenant with Abraham included
A
- Promise of land for his offspring
- Promise of many descendants
- Promise to make him leader of a great nation
18
Q
State the importance of the covenants in the Torah for Jews
A
Makes Jews believe they are the chosen people of God
19
Q
Explain the importance of the covenant with Abraham for Jews today
A
- Covenant was sealed with circumcision of all males in the household
- Jews still perform this to all males today (Brit Milah)
20
Q
Give a quote from the covenant with Abraham (Genesis 12:1-3)
A
“I will make of you a great nation”
21
Q
Name the 3 key moral principles in Judaism
A
- Justice
- Healing the world (tikkun olam)
- Kindness to others
22
Q
Give the Jewish term for the obligation to give to the poor
A
Tzedekah
23
Q
Give one quote about the key moral principle of justice (Amos)
A
“But let justice well up like water”
24
Q
Give three meanings of the key moral principle of justice to Jews
A
- Sacred duty
- Bringing about what is right and fair/ righting a wrong committed
- The Torah and prophets were sent by God to help people understand and bring about justice mercifully
25
Give two ways that the key moral principle of healing the world influences Jews
- Brings people closer to God
- Motivates people to take part in work to increase social justice
26
Give two ways that the Torah supports the Jewish key moral principle of kindness to others
- Many laws advise Jews on how to show kindness
- Laws forbid murder and encourage acts of kindness
27
Give one quote from Leviticus encouraging the key moral principle of kindness
"Love your fellow as yourself"
28
Give one quote about the sanctity of life from the Talmud
"He who destroys one soul of a human being, the Scripture considers him as if he should destroy a whole world"
29
Give one quote supporting pikuach nefesh (saving a life) from Leviticus
"Do not profit by the blood of your fellow"
30
Explain what the story of Adam and Eve teaches Jews about free will
- Choices have consequences
- Adam and Eve's disobedience had severe consquences that affect mankind today
- Choosing to please God brings a life of fulfilment and favourable judgement
31
State the purpose of mitzvot between man and God
Give guidance on how to improve relationship with God
32
Explain the purpose of mitzvot between man and man
- One should love thy neighbour
- Includes treatment of workers, disputes and food laws
33
Give 3 uses of a synagogue
- Prayer
- Worship
- Study
34
State why there are no images of humans or animals inside a synagogue
Disobeys commandment not to worship false idols
35
List 4 interior features of a synagogue
- Prayer Hall
- Ner Tamid
- Aron Hakodesh
- Bimah
36
Name the holiest place in the synagogue
Aron Hakodesh
37
Give two reasons why the Aron Hakodesh is the holiest place in the synagogue
- Contains the Torah scrolls
- Represents original Ark holding the Ten Commandments
38
State why the Torah is usually put up some stairs
Reminds Jews that the Torah/God is above humanity
39
Explain the importance of the Ner Tamid in the synagogue
- Ever-burning light
- Symbolises God's presence
40
Explain two differences between worship in the synagogue for Reform and Orthodox Jews
Orthodox
- Focuses on obeying God's laws as written in the Torah
- Men and women have separate roles and sit separately
Reform
- Emphasises freedom in deciding how to worship
- Men and women sit together
41
State what a bimah is
A reading platform that represents the altar in the Temple
42
Define Amidah prayer
Central "standing" prayer used in Jewish worship services
43
Name the parts that the Amidah prayer is split into
- Praising God
- Asking for help
- Thanksgiving
44
Describe people's body language whilst reciting the Amidah prayer
- Standing
- Facing Jerusalem
45
Name the blue and white Jewish prayer shawl with tassels
Tallit (tassels are called tzitzit)
46
Describe what a tefillin is
A pair of black leather boxes containing passages of scripture
47
Explain the significance of the tefillin for Jews
Fastened to head and arms with leather straps
- Reminds Jews to completely focus on God while praying
48
Give a quote to support the importance of the tefillin for Jews
"And this shall serve you as a sign on your hand and a reminder on your forehead" - Exodus
49
Give two ways that Jews worship in the home
- Pray three times a day at home
- May have a mezuzah on the doorpost as a reminder of God
50
Define the Shema prayer
Jewish statement of faith recited three times a day
51
State the duration of Shabbat each week
Friday sunset till Saturday sunrise
52
Give a quote from Exodus supporting Shabbat
"Remember the sabbath day and keep it holy"
53
Explain the significance of Shabbat
Reminder of the creation story (how God created the world in 6 days and rested on the 7th)
54
Explain how Shabbat is celebrated at home
1. Woman of the family lights candles and recites blessing to welcome Shabbat
2. Blessings are said over children and kiddush is said over wine
3. Meal is eaten with family and friends
55
Name the three parts the Tenakh (written law) is split into
- Torah
- Nevi'm
- Ketuvim
56
Name the two types of Jewish law
- Written
- Oral
57
Describe what is included in the Torah
5 books of Moses
58
Describe what is included in the Nevi'm
8 books of the prophets
59
Describe what is included in the Ketuvim
11 books of writings
60
Outline the purpose of the Talmud
Teaches how to interpret the Torah
61
Name the two parts that the Talmud is split into
- Mishnah
- Gemara
62
Define Mishnah
The Oral Law (Talmud) written down
63
Define Gemara
Discussions/debates about the Mishnah written down
64
Name two Jewish rituals during childhood
- Brit Milah
- Bar/Bat Mitzvah
65
Give a quote from Genesis supporting Brit Milah in Judaism
"Every male among you shall be circumcised"
66
Describe what happens at the Redemption of the firstborn son in Judaism
Orthodox Jews give a sum of money 31 days after his birth
- Reminds him of the Temple service
67
Translate 'Bar/Bat Mitzvah' from Hebrew to English
Son/Daughter of the Commandment
68
State what age boys and girls have their Bar/Bat Mitzvah
Boys - age 13
Girls - age 12
69
Explain what happens at a Bar Mitzvah
1. Boy will read a line from the Torah
2. Boy's father thanks God for maturing his son
3. Gifts and celebratory meal
70
True/False: Bat Mitzvahs are only celebrated by Orthodox Jews
False - Bat Mitzvahs (female version of a Bar Mitzvah) are only celebrated by Reform/Liberal Jews
71
State two things that a betrothal can be broken by in Jewish law
- Divorce
- Death
72
Name the canopy used at a Jewish wedding
Chuppah
73
State what what a chuppah (canopy at a Jewish wedding) symbolises
The home that the couple will have together
74
Explain what happens at a Jewish wedding ceremony
1. Groom places a plain ring on the bride's finger
2. Seven wedding blessings are recited
3. Rabbi blesses couple
4. Bride and groom sign the ketubah in front of witnesses
5. Bride and groom share a glass of wine
6. Groom breaks glass under his foot
7. Audience wish couple good luck
8. Bride and groom spend time together in a private room
9. Wedding reception
75
Give one modification that may be made to a Jewish betrothal for Reform Jews
Bride and groom may give eachother rings instead of only the groom giving the bride a ring
76
Explain what the breaking of glass at a Jewish betrothal represents
Regret for the destruction of the Temple
- Shows that there will be hardship as well as blessings in life
77
Give one quote from Genesis to support Jewish marriage
"Hence a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife so that they become one flesh"
78
Give one Jewish belief about the souls of the deceased
They do not leave the body until its burial
79
Give one quote supporting Shiva from Genesis
"Jacob rent his clothes, put sackcloth on his loins and observed mourning for his son for many days"
80
State how long Shiva lasts
7 days from the day of burial
81
State how long the lesser period of mourning lasts
Until 30 days after the person's death
82
State how long the final period of mourning lasts
11 months
83
State the purpose of Shiva
Allows loved ones to mourn intensely for the deceased
84
Give five things that a Jewish person may do during Shiva
- Cover mirrors
- Shave/cut hair
- Tear clothes
- Sit on low stools
- Stay at home
85
True/False: Some Reform Jews accept cremation
True
86
Explain what happens to the tallit of a deceased person
Corner fringe is removed
--> Shows that it will no longer be used in this life
87
State how long Jews mourn for the dead in total
12 months
88
Name three Jewish rituals concerning mourning for the dead
- Shiva
- Funeral
- Adding a tombstone
89
State when the headstone of a deceased Jewish person is unveiled
At the end of the 12 month mourning period
90
Give the term for food that complies with dietary laws in Judaism
Kosher
91
Give the term for food that does not comply with dietary laws in Judaism
Trefah
92
Name the two types of food that cannot be eaten together according to Jewish law
Meat and dairy
93
Give a quote from Exodus supporting the separation of milk and dairy by Jews
"You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk"
94
State how Orthodox Jews keep food separate
Have two separate food preparation areas and fridges
95
Give the three condiitions that make kosher meat different to trefah meat
- Cut by a shochet
- Throat is cut by a sharp knife
- Blood is drained from the animal
96
Give the Jewish term for food laws
Kashrut
97
List the 4 rules of Kosher
1. Land animals must have split hooves and chew the cud
2. Seafood must have fins and scales
3. Birds of prey cannot be eaten
4. Meat and dairy cannot be eaten together
98
Give the term for neutral foods in Judaism
Parev
99
Name three Jewish festivals
- Rosh Hashanah
- Yom Kippur
- Pesach
100
Explain the purpose of Rosh Hashanah
Jewish New Year
--> Jews reflect on their deeds from the past year
101
State what a shofar is
A ram's horn blown during Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur
102
State why the shofar is blown on Rosh Hashanah
Symbolises a call for repentance
103
List three activities that are done by Jews on Rosh Hashanah
- Spending time in the synagogue
- Eating apples dipped in honey
- Tashlich ceremony
104
State what the apples dipped in honey that are eaten on Rosh Hashanah symbolise
The hope of a sweet new year
105
State what happens at the Tashlich ceremony on Rosh Hashanah
Sins are cast out and people ask for God's forgiveness
106
Name the holiest day of the Jewish calendar
Yom Kippur
107
Give another name for Yom Kippur
Day of Atonement
108
Give one quote from Leviticus supporting Yom Kippur
"On this day atonement shall be made for you to cleanse you of all your sins"
109
State what Jews believe will happen on the day of Yom Kippur in the future
God's final judgement
110
List two activities that Jews take part in on Yom Kippur
- Spend time at the synagogue
- Fast for 25 hours
111
Describe how Jews dress on the day of Yom Kippur
They wear white as a symbol of purity
112
Give three things that are forbidden during Yom Kippur
- Bathing
- Wearing leather shoes
- Having sex
113
State what the Pesach festival celebrates
Jews' escape from slavery in Egypt
114
Give two reasons why Pesach is important to Jews
- Gives them a chance to show gratitude to God for their redemption
- Retelling of Passover story passes on Jewish tradition and faith
115
Give one quote from Exodus supporting Pesach
"I will free you from the labors of the Egyptians and deliver you from their bondage"
116
State how long the Pesach festival lasts
7-8 days
117
Name the ritual that begins the Pesach festival
Seder
118
List 5 foods on the Seder plate at Pesach
- Karpas (green vegetable dipped in salt water)
- Maror (Bitter herbs)
- Baytsah (An egg that is not eaten)
- Z'roah (Lamb bone)
- Charoset (Sweet paste)
119
State what two things the karpas (green veg dipped in salt water) on the Seder plate represent
- Hope and renewal
- Flourishing of the Jews in their first years of freedom
120
State what the maror (bitter herbs) on the Seder plate represents
Bitterness of slavery
121
State what the baytsah (egg that is not eaten) on the Seder plate represents
Sacrifices in the Temple
122
State what the z'roah (lamb bone) on the Seder plate represents
Lamb sacrificed before Exodus
123
State what the charoset (sweet paste) on the Seder plate represents
Mortar and brick used by Jewish slaves to build structures in Egypt
124
State what the wine served at Pesach represents
Lamb's blood painted on doorposts to save children from the last of the 10 plagues
125
State what the matzah served at Pesach plate represents
Jews did not have time to let their bread rise before their escape
126
Give a quote from Exodus showing the importance of the Ner Tamid in the synagogue
"Keep the lamps burning before the Lord"
127
Define minyan
Minimum number for 10 men (or women) required for a service
128
State how many times Orthodox synagogues hold services daily
Synagogues hold services three times a day
129
Name one food eaten during Shabbat
Challah bread
130
Explain how Shabbat is celebrated in the synagogue
Prayers at Friday evening
--> Shabbat is welcomed with kabbalat shabbat (hymns and prayers)
- Main service on Saturday morning
131
Name the service that Shabbat ends with
Havdalah
132
List two things that happen during Havdalah
- Blessings are given over a cup of wine to thank God
- Box of spices is passed around for everyone to smell (shows that Shabbat is the spice of the week)
133
Name the main sacred Jewish text that governs all aspects of Jewish life
Tenakh
134
Name the pointer used to follow the words in the Torah when reading
Yad
135
State when Simchat Bat happens
On the first Shabbat after a girl's birth
136
Give the english name for Brit Milah
Circumcision
137
Define mohel
Person trained to carry out circumcision
138
Explain what happens at a Brit Milah
1. Blessing is said
2. Circumcision is carried out
3. Kiddush is said and boy is given his Hebrew name
4. Celebratory meal is eaten
139
Give the Jewish word for betrothal
Kiddushin
140
Identify two parts of the Jewish marriage ritual
- Kiddushin (betrothal)
- Wedding ceremony
141
Describe what a kiddushin is
A 12-month engagement period before a wedding
142
Define ketubah
Marriage contract outlining the rights and responsibilities of both partners
