Paper 2: Britain 1880-1918 Flashcards
Who were the two main parties in 1906?
The conservatives and the Liberals
Who won the 1906 election?
The liberals won the 1906 election by a “landslide”
What were some political reasons to help the poor?
- If they didn’t help them, the workers would riot and strike.
- if you helped the poor you could win votes
- in the 1903 Boa war, 2/3 men were too sick to fight so they didn’t have enough people to fight in the army
What year was the Pensions Act in?
1908
How much would a person over 70 (with no other income) receive per week as a pension?
A person over 70 would receive 5 shillings per week
How much would married couples receive per week as the pension?
Married couples would recurve 7shillings 6d per week
If you had an income of over £31 per week what could you not qualify for?
The state pension
How long did you have to have been living in Britain for to receive the state pension?
20 years
Who created the Pensions Act?
The Exchequer, David Lloyd George created the pension
In the first year how many people collected their pensions?
650,000 people collected their pensions in the first year.
Who referred to the liberals as the “nanny state”?
The conservatives called the liberals the “nanny state”
How many free school meals were received by 1914?
14 million
How many men were fit to fight in the Boa War in Manchester ?
1 out of 10
What was the name of the book that Charles Booth wrote about poverty?
Life and Labour of the People of London
Why did the rich oppose the liberal reforms?
- Because they resented tax rises
* they hated the new super tax of 1910
Why did the House of Lords oppose the Liberal Reforms?
Because they thought that giving such little amounts away was a waste of money as it would do little to help.
Also they thought that making people pay taxes was interfering with people’s rights
Why did insurance companies oppose the liberal reforms?
They were worried that they wouldn’t have any business left as the National Insurance Act was taking their business
What did Lloyd George shout to show how much of a good deal the benefits were for the working men?
“9pence for 4 pence”
What year was the national insurance act part 1 (sick pay)?
The national insurance act part 1- sick pay was introduced in 1911
What year were the labour exchanges?
1909
Name three social reformers and say what they did.
John Galt- took pictures of poverty cases and went to churches to ask for donations. He also helped people to get jobs.
Charles Booth- he set up a team of investigators to look at the poverty in London. They found that 31% of people were living below the poverty line
Rowntree- wrote a book about the poverty which was backed up by statistics
The 1911 insurance act meant that workers could receive how much for illness for injury leave?
Workers could get 10s a week with a return fee of 4s per week.
How much was the unemployment benefit and for how long could you claim it?
The dole gave people 15 weeks of 7s6d with a return of 2.5s per week.
What was 4,3,2?
It was part of the national insurance act part 1:
Workers paid 4d
Employees paid in 3d
Government paid in 2d
What was the “rule of the thumb”?
The phrase came about during the 1800s during a court case about the beating of women, it meant that the only weapon that could be used on the wife was only allowed to be the width of a thumb.
Who were the NUWSS?
The NUWSS were the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies, also known as the “suffragists”
What did the suffragists want to achieve?
The right to vote for women.
Who was the first elected president of the NUWSS?
Millicent Fawcett was the first elected president of the NUWSS
When were the NUWSS formed?
They were formed in 1897
Who did the unemployment benefit help the most (specific examples)?
It helped seasonal workers like the dockers or farmers
How many members did the NUWSS have by 1914?
They had over 100,000 members by 1914
What party particularly did not like the idea of votes for women?
The conservatives
What did Millicent Fawcett describe the NUWSS as?
A ‘glacier- ‘huge and unstoppable’
How many meetings did the NUWSS organise in 1914?
Over 400 meetings were organised in 1914
What class were members of the NUWSS?
Often middle class
How many branches did the suffragists have nationwide?
They had over 500 branches nationwide
Who were the WSPU?
The WSPU were the Women’s Social and Political Union- also known as the suffragettes!
When and where were the WSPU founded?
Founded in 1903 in Manchester
Who founded the WSPU?
Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, Christabel and Sylvia
What was the motto of the Suffragettes?
“DEEDS NOT WORDS”
Why did Emmeline Pankhurst start the WSPU?
Because she believed that the NUWSS were not achieving their goals by using non violent methods
What was an early method of the Suffragettes that they used to campaign in 1905?
In 1905 at the election, Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenny held up a “votes for women” banner trying to get the Liberals attention. They shouted “will the Liberal Government give women the vote?” This caused outrage within the government.
What year did the WSPU create a newspaper?
In 1907
What did the suffragettes do in 1908?
They chained themselves to the railings of important buildings like Downing st, Town halls and Buckingham palace.
They also started a window smashing campaign.
