Paper 2: B5: Homeostasis Flashcards
Homeostasis
an organisms ability to regulate/ control it’s internal conditions so crucial reactions can happen at optimum rates
Nervous system is made up of:
CNS: central nervous system
PNS: peripheral nervous system
CNS
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
PNS
all other nerves
receptor
detects a change due to a stimulus (change in environment)
Nerve travels how?
receptor —> sensory neurone —-> relay neurone —-> motor neurone —-> CNS —-> effector —> muscle or gland
travels between neurones via the neurotransmitter chemicals in the synapse (gap of empty space between both ends of a neurone)
reflex arc
signal bypasses the brain and goes straight through spine to the effector - much faster than a conscious decision
Practical: reaction times
- drop ruler between finger and thumb
- measure distance fallen before caught, repeat, calculate mean
- independent vatiable: Stimulant (eg energy drink or coffee) increases neurotransmission
- depressant (alcohol) decreases neurotransmission
Cerebral cortex (brain)
responsible for higher level functions:
- memory
- speech
- problem solving
Cerebellum (brain)
Responsible for motor skills:
- movement
- balance
- coordination
Medulla oblongata ( brain )
Controls unconscious actions:
- heart and breathing rate
- signals to adrenal glands to release adrenaline
Pituitary gland ( brain )
allows doctors to see brain activity without surgery via MRI scans
master gland: sends signals to other glands
Accommodation for far objects
Ciliary muscles relax, suspensory ligaments tighten, thin lens meaning light is only refracted a little bit, focusing the light on the retina
accommodation for near objects:
ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments slacken, thick lens meaning light is refracted more, meaning the light comming from the object converges to the retina so you can see a clear image
pupil
hole in the iris
can change size depending on the light intensity hitting the eye