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Biology Paper 2 > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Reflex vs normal response

A

Reflex response is automatic, more rapid and involves the relay neurone

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2
Q

when an object is close

A

the lens is fat, the ciliary muscles contract and the suspensory ligaments relax

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3
Q

when an object is far

A

the lens is thin the suspensory ligaments taught and the cilary muscles relaxed

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4
Q

myopia

A

short sightedness

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5
Q

hyperopia

A

long sighted

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6
Q

causes of hyperopia

A

eye ball to short or lens too thin

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7
Q

FSH

A

causes the egg to mature and the ovary to release oestrogen

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8
Q

LH

A

causes ovulation

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9
Q

oestrogen

A

causes the lining to grow and inhibits oestrogen production

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10
Q

progesterone

A

maintains the uterus lining

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11
Q

high blood sugar

A

insulin turn glucose into glycogen

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12
Q

low blood sugar

A

glucagon turns glycogen into glucose

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13
Q

tropism

A

a plants response to a directional stimulus

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14
Q

phototropism

A

a plants response to light

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15
Q

-ve phototropism

A

roots

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16
Q

which part of the plant has a positive gravitropism?

A

the roots, they grow towards gravity

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17
Q

hydrotropism

A

the plants response to water

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18
Q

more concentrated auxins=

A

a faster rate of growth

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19
Q

where is thermoregulation controlled?

A

the hypothalimus

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20
Q

the kidney has…

A

selective reabsorbtion

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21
Q

some things selectively reabsorbed are

A

glucose and ions

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22
Q

waste products

A

urea

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23
Q

dialysis positives

A

live longer, a permenant and fast solution

24
Q

dialysis negatives

A

bulky machine

25
Q

how does dialysis work

A

fluid with the same concentration of glucose runs either side of the blood, and urea is removed by diffusion

26
Q

transplant negatives

A

rejection, a course of immunosuppressants

27
Q

transplant positives

A

not bulky, doesnt require hours of dialysis treatment

28
Q

osmoregulation

A

the controlling of water in the body

29
Q

where is ADH released from

A

the pituartary gland

30
Q

if you have drank lots of water,

A

the pituartary gland releases less ADH, less travels to the collecting duct, so less is reabsorbed and in urine

31
Q

if you haven’t drank lots of water

A

hypothalimus realises, pit gland releases lots of ADH, travels to the kidney via the blood, acts on collective ducts so less water reabsorbed

32
Q

structural adaptations

A

physical features, like a birds bill

33
Q

behavioural adaptations

A

things an organism does to survive, a call

34
Q

functional adaptations

A

inate abilities, such as the ability to photosynthesise

35
Q

environmental changes that disrupt species

A

temp changes, water avaliability, gases

36
Q

mitosis

A

diploid

37
Q

meiosis

A

haploid

38
Q

DNA backbone

A

sugar-phosphate

39
Q

C bonds to

A

G

40
Q

T bonds to

A

A

41
Q

each 3 letter sequence codes for

A

an amino acid

42
Q

a complex amino acid chain=

A

a protein

43
Q

polydactyl

A

dominant

44
Q

cycstic fibrosis

A

recessive

45
Q

A

A

adenine

46
Q

T

A

thymine

47
Q

C

A

cytosine

48
Q

G

A

guanine

49
Q

complementary strand produced=

A

trna

50
Q

selective breeding

A

breeding animals with desired characteristics

51
Q

genetic engineering

A

remove the plasmids from bacteria, open with an enzyme, place in human gene with desired characteristic, reproduce

52
Q

Lamark

A

if an organism used a particular feature many times, it would be passed down

53
Q

Fossils

A

the remains of living organisms that died billions of years ago found in rock and ice

54
Q

why are fossils found

A

the hard parts dont decay, they are replaced with minerals, conditions arent present

55
Q

fossils weakness

A

incomplete for many organisms, destroyed by geological activity. bacteria cant form fossils

56
Q

why is energy lost per tropic level?

A

not all grass is eaten, not all digestable, used for respiration

Biology Paper 2 (1 decks)

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