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Physical Education > Paper 2💕 > Flashcards

Paper 2💕 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a open skill

A

Open skills are affected by the environment and performed in a certain way

They occur when performers have to make decisions

For example passing the ball

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2
Q

What is a closed skill

A

Close skills are not affected by the environment

Skill tends to be done the same way each time

They are usually self paced

For example golf swing , trampolining

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3
Q

What is a self paced skill

A

The skill has started when the performer decides to start it

The speed rate or pace of the skill is controlled by the performer

For example javelin and a vault in gymnastics

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4
Q

What is a externally paced skill

A

Externally paced skills are controlled by the environment

Include a decision and a reaction

For example tennis serve , aerobics and gymnastics

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5
Q

What is a basic skill

A

Simple skills that do not require much concentration

For example throwing or catching a ball

Usually straightforward and Limited thinking required

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6
Q

What is a complex skill

A

Skill that requires a great deal of concentration and coordination

For example tennis serve and hurdles

Usually complicated and dangerous

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7
Q

What is a gross movement skill

A

A skill that uses large muscle groups to perform big strong power for movements

For example a tackle in rugby

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8
Q

What is a fine movement skill

A

A skill involving small precise movements showing high level of accuracy and coordination

For example darts

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9
Q

What is the definition of a skill

A

A learnt action or behaviour with the intention of bringing predetermined results with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and energy

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10
Q

What is the definition of ability

A

And inherited stable trait that determines an individual‘s potential to learn or acquire a skill

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11
Q

What is the definition of fitness

A

A state of complete mental physical and social well-being

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12
Q

What is the definition of health

A

State of complete mental physical and social well-being was not having an illness

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13
Q

What is a performance goal

A

Focused personal goal that an individual wants to achieve for example beating a personal-best

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14
Q

What is an outcome goal

A

Focused on winning or coming second or third

Also winning a cup , winning a competition or winning a prize

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15
Q

What does SMART stand for

A 
Specific
Measurable
Excepted 
Realistic
Time bounded
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16
Q

What does specific mean in smart

A

The target needs to be specific to the performers needs

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17
Q

What does measurable in smarts mean

A

The target needs to measure a specific target set that has been met

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18
Q

What does excepted mean in smart

A

The target must be excepted by the performer and others

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19
Q

What does realistic mean in smart

A

Target must actually be possible to complete

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20
Q

What does time bounded mean in smart

A

Target covers a set period of time so the performer knows if they have achieved it

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21
Q

What are the four information-processing models

A

Input
Decision-making
Output
Feedback

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22
Q

What does input mean

A

This is the data received from the display

In the case of the performer The information will be received via the senses

Lots of information is received so they must use selected attention and choose what to focus on

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23
Q

What does decision-making mean

A

The selected data is analysed and an appropriate response is selected

This means they will access memories of similar experiences and will choose an appropriate response accordingly

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24
Q

What does output mean

A

This decision is acted on

Information is sent from the performers brain to the working muscles to carry out the required response

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25
Q

What does Feedback mean

A

Data is received in response to the output

This can become their input for future decisions

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26
Q

What are the four types of guidance

A

Verbal
Mechanical
Visual
Manual

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27
Q

What is verbal guidance

A

When a coach describes how to perform a skill or tells a performer something

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28
Q

What is visual guidance

A

Presented in a form that the performer can see it for example a video

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29
Q

What is manual guidance

A

Involves the coach physically moving a performer into the correct position or supporting them as they can perform the skill

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30
Q

What is mechanical guidance

A

When objects or aids are used to assist the coaching process

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31
Q

What is intrinsic feedback

A

Feedback a performer receives about their performance from within the game

Kinaesthetic feedback is a form of intrinsic feedback

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32
Q

What is extrinsic feedback

A

Feedback a performer says about the performance from outside them self’s such as there coach

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33
Q

What is positive feedback

A

What was correct or good about the performance

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34
Q

What is negative feedback

A

What was incorrect or bad about the performance

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35
Q

What is knowledge of results

A

Provide the performer with information about the placing in a tournament or the time it took them to complete a race

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36
Q

What is meant by knowledge of performance

A

Provides the performer with information about their performance generally and about their technique more specifically

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37
Q

What is arousal

A

Arousal is physical and mental state of alertness or readiness

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38
Q

What theory supports arousal

A

The inverted U theory

Occurs when a performer reaches an optimum level of arousal

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39
Q

What is indirect aggression

A

Doesn’t involve physical contact

Could be an act against an object to gain advantage

For example hitting a tennis ball harder at their opponent

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40
Q

What is direct aggression

A

Involves physical contact to cause physical harm

Normally outside the rules of the sport hoping they don’t get caught

For example in boxing or rugby

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41
Q

What is it introvert

A

Being shy and quiet

Quite reserved and thoughtful

Enjoy being on their own

Take part in individual sports which require concentration in low arousal like darts

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42
Q

What is an extrovert

A

Active talkative and outgoing

Sociable and enthusiastic

Prone to boredom

Associated with team sports with high arousal for example football

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43
Q

What is intrinsic motivation

A

Drive comes from me than you

Personal feelings like pride ,satisfaction accomplishment ,self-worth and achievement

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44
Q

What is extrinsic motivation

A

The drive comes with an external rewards such as money , trophy and prizes

Tangible rewards are those you can touch

Intangible rewards are those you can’t touch

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45
Q

What are the different social groups in sport

A 
Gender
Age
Socio-Economic
Ethnicity
Disability
Family and friends
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46
Q

What are the engagement patterns in sport

A 
Media
Inclusiveness
Role model
Attitude
Cultural and religion
Leisure time
Education
Sexism and stereotyping
Socio economic and disposable income
Accessibility 
Family
Familiarity
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47
Q

What is meant by Media

A

Lack of TV coverage of female role models

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48
Q

What is meant by inclusiveness

A

Facilities might not run sessions for people with disabilities

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49
Q

What is meant by roll models

A

Lack of female role models in many sports

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50
Q

What is meant by cultural and religious

A

Family influences on whether you do something

Religious festivals is more of a priority over playing sport

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51
Q

What is meant by leisure time

A

Less time available owing to work commitments

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52
Q

What is meant by education

A

School may not offer or have facilities to play some activities

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53
Q

What is meant by a sexism and stereotyping

A

Some girls do not want to play football as it might be thought of it as being masculine

Some men don’t want to dance or playing netball as I think these activities are for females only

54
Q

What is meant by socio-economic and disposable income

A

Some people in minority groups have less money

Some people without a permanent job will have less money

55
Q

What is meant by accessibility

A

Lack of facilities or clubs as well as physical barriers

Like ramps for the disabled

56
Q

What is meant by family

A

Family commitments for example looking after younger siblings

57
Q

What is meant by familiarity

A

You may do the same activities as other members of your family

58
Q

What is a ethnic group

A

A group of people who share common origins

They may be racial religious or cultural

59
Q

What is a social group

A

People interact with one another

Share the same characteristics

Have the same sense of unity and togetherness

60
Q

What is discrimination

A

prejudicial judgement of different groups of people like race or gender

61
Q

What is stereotyping

A

Widely held but fixed and oversimplified idea of a particular type of person

62
Q

What is an engagement pattern

A

Trans-tendencies in involvement

63
Q

What is a barrier to participation

A

An obstacle that prevents a group of in society from participating in a sport or physical activity and therefore reduces overall levels of participation

64
Q

Commercialisation in sponsorship

A

A sponsor is an individual or a group that provides support in the form of sponsorship in return it is seen by millions via advertising sponsorship and endorsement it can be for

An individual or team or event

Different types of sponsorship includes
Money
Clothing and equipment
Facilities

65
Q

Commercialisation in media

A

Media or a broad range of technologies that act as The main ways of communication such as

Newspapers and magazines
TV and radio
Internet and social media

66
Q

Commercialisation in sport

A

The player or performer and the sport needs funding for

Facilities
Equipment
Competitions

67
Q

What is commercialisation

A

How the industry makes their money

68
Q

What is the golden triangle

A

Sport
Media
Sponsorship

69
Q

Advantages of commercialisation on the sponsor or company

A

Media can show products during breaks in play

Brand names can be seen around the venues and on clothing

Raise awareness of brands and increase sales

Media hype get more viewers which means more exposure of the brand

70
Q

Advantages of commercialisation on the sport

A

Raise awareness

Higher profile

Funding where you can develop the sport and facilities

71
Q

Advantages of commercialisation on the player

A

Paid millions to endorse products

Train full time to focus on being the best in the sport

Receive top quality products to use to improve performance for example equipment facilities and kit

72
Q

Advantages of commercialisation on the spectators

A

More coverage and top event

Replay buttons

Player cam

By the same clothes and equipment to their role models

73
Q

Advantages of commercialisation on their officials

A

Sponsor can provide kit

Media can support correct decisionS

More likely to become role models

74
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation on the sponsor

A

The media may not get a high number of views

The company doesn’t get the amount of exposure they wanted

The player or team doesn’t perform well

The player who becomes a bad role model due to cheating violence and racism

75
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation on the sport

A

Fixtures can change to maximise viewing opportunities

Breaks in Play for advertising purposes

Negative reporting can give a Bad name

Clothing and number of rule changes are more appealing to viewers

76
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation on the player

A

Event times make it less favourable for performers

Withdrawal of sponsorship could cause financial difficulties

Required appearances take time away from training

Pressure to win at all costs to keep a sponsor

No privacy and negative reporting can loose sponsorship

77
Q

Negative of commercialisation on the spectator

A

High cost for subscription fees to sport channels

Pay-per-view for certain events

High cost of merchandise

Minority sports not shown

Sponsors keep best tickets for hospitality

78
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation on their official

A

Under the spotlight for all decisions as they can be delayed so poor decisions are highlighted

Underminding their official

They have to wear the sponsors logo

79
Q

What is gamesmanship

A

Attempting to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to the limit for example time wasting or shoelaces

80
Q

What is sportsmanship

A

Conforming to the rules spirit and etiquette of the sport and being gracious regardless of whether you win or lose

For example in a cricket bat man walks when he knows he is out and the umpires has not realised

81
Q

What is etiquette

A

Demonstrates respect for the sport they were involved in respect for their opponent

82
Q

What did beta-blockers do

A

Improve fine controlled movement by slowing down the heart rate

Health risks are heart problems slower heart rate weakness and nausea

83
Q

What are anabolic agents

A

Allows you to train longer and increase muscle mass by building up tissue to increase strength and allows you to train harder

Health risks are liver and heart disease behaviour affects skin problems and aggression

84
Q

What are diuretics

A

Increase fluid output this increases success fame and metabolic shock

Health risks are rash or fever kidney damage viruses dehydration and headaches

85
Q

What are stimulants

A

Increase alertness reduce tiredness and fatigue but also increases competitiveness

Health risks are high blood pressure anxiety serious injury addiction

86
Q

What are narcotics

A

Increased pain threshold

Health risks are nausea depression and exhaustion

87
Q

What are narcotic Pepto hormones EPO

A

They increased red blood cell occurs in kidneys and improves oxygen

Health risks are strokes diseases thickened blood

88
Q

What are Pepto hormones HGH

A

Increase muscle and burn fat

Health risks are muscle pain Type II diabetes and cancer

89
Q

What are advantages of taking PED

A

Increase performance chance of a success

Success leads to fame and fortune

Some think that taking drugs lead to a level playing field all are taken but don’t get caught

90
Q

Disadvantages of taking PED

A

Cheating

Fines

Side-effects

Reputation will be damaged

91
Q

What is a hooligan

A

A aggressive or violent trouble maker who typically belongs to a gang

92
Q

What is hooliganism

A

Disorderly aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators at a sporting event

93
Q

What method prevents hooliganism

A

Early kick-off reduces amount of alcohol before the match

Alcohol restrictions

Travel restrictions

Security

94
Q

Defined the term obese

A

A term used to describe people with a high fat content caused by an imbalance in the number of calories consumed and their amount of energy Expended

95
Q

What is obesity

A

Obesity is defined as a body mass index of over 30 or being over 20% above the standard rate

96
Q

How do you work out BMI (body mass index)

A

Weight divided by height

97
Q

What is social ill-health

A

Increased risk of being unable to socialise

98
Q

What is a somatotype

A

A method of classifying body types

99
Q

What are the three body type

A

Ectomorph mesomorph and endomorph

100
Q

What is ectomorph

A

Tall and thin

Narrow shoulders and hips

101
Q

What is mesomorph

A

Muscular appearance with wide shoulders and narrow hips

102
Q

What is endomorph

A

Pair shaped body slightly fat

103
Q

How many calories should a male intake per day

A

2500 cal

104
Q

How many calories should a female intake per day

A

2000 cal

105
Q

What are the factors affecting calories required

A

Age

Gender

Height

Energy expenditure

Metabolic rate

106
Q

What is a balanced diet

A

A balanced diet includes eating the right amount of calories and nutrients to maintain a healthy weight.

According to how much exercise you do

107
Q

What are carbohydrate

A

Main and preferred source of energy for all types of exercise

Includes glucose as their energy fuel

Bread pasta potatoes

108
Q

What is fat

A

An energy source that helps carry vitamins in the body

Saturated fat and unsaturated fat

109
Q

What is protein

A

Needed for growth and repair and provide energy

Meat eggs dairy nuts cereal fish

110
Q

What are minerals

A

Inorganic substances that assists the body with many of its functions

Bone formation requires calcium

Irom needed for healthy red blood cell

111
Q

What are vitamins

A

Organic substances that are required for many essential processes in the body

112
Q

What is hydration

A

Having enough water to enable a normal function of the body

113
Q

What is dehydration

A

Excessive loss of water interrupting the function of the body

114
Q

What is rehydration

A

Consuming water to restore hydration

115
Q

What is water needed for

A

Helps reaction

Lubricates joint

Maintain correct body temperature

116
Q

What is a side-effect of dehydration

A

Thickens blood

Increased heart rate

Increase reaction time

Muscle fatigue

Dizziness nausea blurred vision headaches

117
Q

How much water does a man intake daily

A

2.5 L

118
Q

How much water does a female intake daily

A

2 L

119
Q

What is Hawkeye

A

A 3-D image that tracks the ball

120
Q

What is Hawkeye

A

Computer system uses several cameras to track flights of balls and other things in sport

121
Q

What are performance analyst aids

A

Include wearable aids that monitor fitness on the pitch and software programs

122
Q

How much carbohydrate should be in your diet

A

60%

123
Q

How much protein should we have in our diet

A

15-20%

124
Q

How much fat shall we have in a diet

A

25% of fat

125
Q

What does carbohydrates provide

A

Energy

126
Q

What did proteins do

A

Build and repair the muscle

127
Q

What does water do

A

Prevents dehydration and maintain levels of hydration

128
Q

What does fibre do

A

Maintains bodyweight and aids healthy digestions

129
Q

What do minerals

A

Help break down energy from food

130
Q

What the vitamins do

A

Aid concentrate

131
Q

What do fat do

A

Source of energy

Physical Education (2 decks)

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