Paper 2💕 Flashcards
What is a open skill
Open skills are affected by the environment and performed in a certain way
They occur when performers have to make decisions
For example passing the ball
What is a closed skill
Close skills are not affected by the environment
Skill tends to be done the same way each time
They are usually self paced
For example golf swing , trampolining
What is a self paced skill
The skill has started when the performer decides to start it
The speed rate or pace of the skill is controlled by the performer
For example javelin and a vault in gymnastics
What is a externally paced skill
Externally paced skills are controlled by the environment
Include a decision and a reaction
For example tennis serve , aerobics and gymnastics
What is a basic skill
Simple skills that do not require much concentration
For example throwing or catching a ball
Usually straightforward and Limited thinking required
What is a complex skill
Skill that requires a great deal of concentration and coordination
For example tennis serve and hurdles
Usually complicated and dangerous
What is a gross movement skill
A skill that uses large muscle groups to perform big strong power for movements
For example a tackle in rugby
What is a fine movement skill
A skill involving small precise movements showing high level of accuracy and coordination
For example darts
What is the definition of a skill
A learnt action or behaviour with the intention of bringing predetermined results with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of time and energy
What is the definition of ability
And inherited stable trait that determines an individual‘s potential to learn or acquire a skill
What is the definition of fitness
A state of complete mental physical and social well-being
What is the definition of health
State of complete mental physical and social well-being was not having an illness
What is a performance goal
Focused personal goal that an individual wants to achieve for example beating a personal-best
What is an outcome goal
Focused on winning or coming second or third
Also winning a cup , winning a competition or winning a prize
What does SMART stand for
Specific Measurable Excepted Realistic Time bounded
What does specific mean in smart
The target needs to be specific to the performers needs
What does measurable in smarts mean
The target needs to measure a specific target set that has been met
What does excepted mean in smart
The target must be excepted by the performer and others
What does realistic mean in smart
Target must actually be possible to complete
What does time bounded mean in smart
Target covers a set period of time so the performer knows if they have achieved it
What are the four information-processing models
Input
Decision-making
Output
Feedback
What does input mean
This is the data received from the display
In the case of the performer The information will be received via the senses
Lots of information is received so they must use selected attention and choose what to focus on
What does decision-making mean
The selected data is analysed and an appropriate response is selected
This means they will access memories of similar experiences and will choose an appropriate response accordingly
What does output mean
This decision is acted on
Information is sent from the performers brain to the working muscles to carry out the required response
What does Feedback mean
Data is received in response to the output
This can become their input for future decisions
What are the four types of guidance
Verbal
Mechanical
Visual
Manual
What is verbal guidance
When a coach describes how to perform a skill or tells a performer something
What is visual guidance
Presented in a form that the performer can see it for example a video
What is manual guidance
Involves the coach physically moving a performer into the correct position or supporting them as they can perform the skill
What is mechanical guidance
When objects or aids are used to assist the coaching process
What is intrinsic feedback
Feedback a performer receives about their performance from within the game
Kinaesthetic feedback is a form of intrinsic feedback
What is extrinsic feedback
Feedback a performer says about the performance from outside them self’s such as there coach
What is positive feedback
What was correct or good about the performance
What is negative feedback
What was incorrect or bad about the performance
What is knowledge of results
Provide the performer with information about the placing in a tournament or the time it took them to complete a race
What is meant by knowledge of performance
Provides the performer with information about their performance generally and about their technique more specifically
What is arousal
Arousal is physical and mental state of alertness or readiness
What theory supports arousal
The inverted U theory
Occurs when a performer reaches an optimum level of arousal
What is indirect aggression
Doesn’t involve physical contact
Could be an act against an object to gain advantage
For example hitting a tennis ball harder at their opponent
What is direct aggression
Involves physical contact to cause physical harm
Normally outside the rules of the sport hoping they don’t get caught
For example in boxing or rugby
What is it introvert
Being shy and quiet
Quite reserved and thoughtful
Enjoy being on their own
Take part in individual sports which require concentration in low arousal like darts
What is an extrovert
Active talkative and outgoing
Sociable and enthusiastic
Prone to boredom
Associated with team sports with high arousal for example football
What is intrinsic motivation
Drive comes from me than you
Personal feelings like pride ,satisfaction accomplishment ,self-worth and achievement
What is extrinsic motivation
The drive comes with an external rewards such as money , trophy and prizes
Tangible rewards are those you can touch
Intangible rewards are those you can’t touch
What are the different social groups in sport
Gender Age Socio-Economic Ethnicity Disability Family and friends
What are the engagement patterns in sport
Media Inclusiveness Role model Attitude Cultural and religion Leisure time Education Sexism and stereotyping Socio economic and disposable income Accessibility Family Familiarity
What is meant by Media
Lack of TV coverage of female role models
What is meant by inclusiveness
Facilities might not run sessions for people with disabilities
What is meant by roll models
Lack of female role models in many sports
What is meant by cultural and religious
Family influences on whether you do something
Religious festivals is more of a priority over playing sport
What is meant by leisure time
Less time available owing to work commitments
What is meant by education
School may not offer or have facilities to play some activities
What is meant by a sexism and stereotyping
Some girls do not want to play football as it might be thought of it as being masculine
Some men don’t want to dance or playing netball as I think these activities are for females only
What is meant by socio-economic and disposable income
Some people in minority groups have less money
Some people without a permanent job will have less money
What is meant by accessibility
Lack of facilities or clubs as well as physical barriers
Like ramps for the disabled
What is meant by family
Family commitments for example looking after younger siblings
What is meant by familiarity
You may do the same activities as other members of your family
What is a ethnic group
A group of people who share common origins
They may be racial religious or cultural
What is a social group
People interact with one another
Share the same characteristics
Have the same sense of unity and togetherness
What is discrimination
prejudicial judgement of different groups of people like race or gender
What is stereotyping
Widely held but fixed and oversimplified idea of a particular type of person
What is an engagement pattern
Trans-tendencies in involvement
What is a barrier to participation
An obstacle that prevents a group of in society from participating in a sport or physical activity and therefore reduces overall levels of participation
Commercialisation in sponsorship
A sponsor is an individual or a group that provides support in the form of sponsorship in return it is seen by millions via advertising sponsorship and endorsement it can be for
An individual or team or event
Different types of sponsorship includes
Money
Clothing and equipment
Facilities
Commercialisation in media
Media or a broad range of technologies that act as The main ways of communication such as
Newspapers and magazines
TV and radio
Internet and social media
Commercialisation in sport
The player or performer and the sport needs funding for
Facilities
Equipment
Competitions
What is commercialisation
How the industry makes their money
What is the golden triangle
Sport
Media
Sponsorship
Advantages of commercialisation on the sponsor or company
Media can show products during breaks in play
Brand names can be seen around the venues and on clothing
Raise awareness of brands and increase sales
Media hype get more viewers which means more exposure of the brand
Advantages of commercialisation on the sport
Raise awareness
Higher profile
Funding where you can develop the sport and facilities
Advantages of commercialisation on the player
Paid millions to endorse products
Train full time to focus on being the best in the sport
Receive top quality products to use to improve performance for example equipment facilities and kit
Advantages of commercialisation on the spectators
More coverage and top event
Replay buttons
Player cam
By the same clothes and equipment to their role models
Advantages of commercialisation on their officials
Sponsor can provide kit
Media can support correct decisionS
More likely to become role models
Disadvantages of commercialisation on the sponsor
The media may not get a high number of views
The company doesn’t get the amount of exposure they wanted
The player or team doesn’t perform well
The player who becomes a bad role model due to cheating violence and racism
Disadvantages of commercialisation on the sport
Fixtures can change to maximise viewing opportunities
Breaks in Play for advertising purposes
Negative reporting can give a Bad name
Clothing and number of rule changes are more appealing to viewers
Disadvantages of commercialisation on the player
Event times make it less favourable for performers
Withdrawal of sponsorship could cause financial difficulties
Required appearances take time away from training
Pressure to win at all costs to keep a sponsor
No privacy and negative reporting can loose sponsorship
Negative of commercialisation on the spectator
High cost for subscription fees to sport channels
Pay-per-view for certain events
High cost of merchandise
Minority sports not shown
Sponsors keep best tickets for hospitality
Disadvantages of commercialisation on their official
Under the spotlight for all decisions as they can be delayed so poor decisions are highlighted
Underminding their official
They have to wear the sponsors logo
What is gamesmanship
Attempting to gain an advantage by stretching the rules to the limit for example time wasting or shoelaces
What is sportsmanship
Conforming to the rules spirit and etiquette of the sport and being gracious regardless of whether you win or lose
For example in a cricket bat man walks when he knows he is out and the umpires has not realised
What is etiquette
Demonstrates respect for the sport they were involved in respect for their opponent
What did beta-blockers do
Improve fine controlled movement by slowing down the heart rate
Health risks are heart problems slower heart rate weakness and nausea
What are anabolic agents
Allows you to train longer and increase muscle mass by building up tissue to increase strength and allows you to train harder
Health risks are liver and heart disease behaviour affects skin problems and aggression
What are diuretics
Increase fluid output this increases success fame and metabolic shock
Health risks are rash or fever kidney damage viruses dehydration and headaches
What are stimulants
Increase alertness reduce tiredness and fatigue but also increases competitiveness
Health risks are high blood pressure anxiety serious injury addiction
What are narcotics
Increased pain threshold
Health risks are nausea depression and exhaustion
What are narcotic Pepto hormones EPO
They increased red blood cell occurs in kidneys and improves oxygen
Health risks are strokes diseases thickened blood
What are Pepto hormones HGH
Increase muscle and burn fat
Health risks are muscle pain Type II diabetes and cancer
What are advantages of taking PED
Increase performance chance of a success
Success leads to fame and fortune
Some think that taking drugs lead to a level playing field all are taken but don’t get caught
Disadvantages of taking PED
Cheating
Fines
Side-effects
Reputation will be damaged
What is a hooligan
A aggressive or violent trouble maker who typically belongs to a gang
What is hooliganism
Disorderly aggressive and often violent behaviour by spectators at a sporting event
What method prevents hooliganism
Early kick-off reduces amount of alcohol before the match
Alcohol restrictions
Travel restrictions
Security
Defined the term obese
A term used to describe people with a high fat content caused by an imbalance in the number of calories consumed and their amount of energy Expended
What is obesity
Obesity is defined as a body mass index of over 30 or being over 20% above the standard rate
How do you work out BMI (body mass index)
Weight divided by height
What is social ill-health
Increased risk of being unable to socialise
What is a somatotype
A method of classifying body types
What are the three body type
Ectomorph mesomorph and endomorph
What is ectomorph
Tall and thin
Narrow shoulders and hips
What is mesomorph
Muscular appearance with wide shoulders and narrow hips
What is endomorph
Pair shaped body slightly fat
How many calories should a male intake per day
2500 cal
How many calories should a female intake per day
2000 cal
What are the factors affecting calories required
Age
Gender
Height
Energy expenditure
Metabolic rate
What is a balanced diet
A balanced diet includes eating the right amount of calories and nutrients to maintain a healthy weight.
According to how much exercise you do
What are carbohydrate
Main and preferred source of energy for all types of exercise
Includes glucose as their energy fuel
Bread pasta potatoes
What is fat
An energy source that helps carry vitamins in the body
Saturated fat and unsaturated fat
What is protein
Needed for growth and repair and provide energy
Meat eggs dairy nuts cereal fish
What are minerals
Inorganic substances that assists the body with many of its functions
Bone formation requires calcium
Irom needed for healthy red blood cell
What are vitamins
Organic substances that are required for many essential processes in the body
What is hydration
Having enough water to enable a normal function of the body
What is dehydration
Excessive loss of water interrupting the function of the body
What is rehydration
Consuming water to restore hydration
What is water needed for
Helps reaction
Lubricates joint
Maintain correct body temperature
What is a side-effect of dehydration
Thickens blood
Increased heart rate
Increase reaction time
Muscle fatigue
Dizziness nausea blurred vision headaches
How much water does a man intake daily
2.5 L
How much water does a female intake daily
2 L
What is Hawkeye
A 3-D image that tracks the ball
What is Hawkeye
Computer system uses several cameras to track flights of balls and other things in sport
What are performance analyst aids
Include wearable aids that monitor fitness on the pitch and software programs
How much carbohydrate should be in your diet
60%
How much protein should we have in our diet
15-20%
How much fat shall we have in a diet
25% of fat
What does carbohydrates provide
Energy
What did proteins do
Build and repair the muscle
What does water do
Prevents dehydration and maintain levels of hydration
What does fibre do
Maintains bodyweight and aids healthy digestions
What do minerals
Help break down energy from food
What the vitamins do
Aid concentrate
What do fat do
Source of energy
