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Chemistry paper 2 > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What 4 things effect rate of reaction?

A
  • Temperature
  • Surface Area
  • Concentration of solution/pressure of gas
  • Presence of catalyst
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2
Q

What 3 things does the position of equilibrium?

A
  • Temperature
  • Pressure
  • Concentration
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3
Q

What direction does equilibrium move if you decrease the temperature?

A

To the exothermic side

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4
Q

What direction does equilibrium move if you increase the temperature?

A

To the endothermic side

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5
Q

If you increase the pressure, what side does equilibrium move to?

A

The side with fewer moles

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6
Q

If you decrease the pressure, what side does equilibrium move to?

A

The side with more moles

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7
Q

If you increase the concentration of the reactants, what happens to equilibrium?

A

Move to the products

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8
Q

If you decrease the concentration of the reactants, what happens to the equilibrium?

A

Move to the reactants

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of cracking?

A

Catalytic and steam

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10
Q

What is the homologous series of carboxylic acids?

A

COOH

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11
Q

alcohol + carboxylic acid = what?

A

Ester

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12
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

A substance with only one compound or element

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13
Q

What is a formulation?

A

A mixture with a precise purpose made by a formula

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14
Q

What colour precipitate does calcium produce when mixed with NaOH?

A

White

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15
Q

What colour precipitate does copper produce when mixed with NaOH?

A

Blue

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16
Q

What colour precipitate does Iron (II) produce when mixed with NaOH?

A

Green

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17
Q

What colour precipitate does Iron (III) produce when mixed with NaOH?

A

Brown

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18
Q

What colour precipitate does aluminium produce when mixed with NaOH?

A

Clear

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19
Q

What colour precipitate does magnesium produce when mixed with NaOH?

A

White

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20
Q

What was the Earth’s atmosphere like in the first billion years?

A

Lots of volcanoes gave out nitrogen, water vapour, carbon dioxide and some methane and ammonia

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21
Q

How did the atmosphere evolve after the first billion years?

A

The water vapour condensed to form oceans and lots of CO2 was removed as it dissolved
Algae evolved and gave out oxygen as they photosynthesised

22
Q

What are more flammable - short or long hydrocarbons?

A

Short

23
Q

What are more viscous - short or long hydrocarbons?

A

Long

24
Q

What have lower boiling points - short or long hydrocarbons?

A

Short

25
Q

What is the test for alkenes?

A

Bromine water - orange to colourless

26
Q

What is the formula for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide

27
Q

What is the formula for the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + carbon

28
Q

How would you describe an alkane?

A

A saturated hydrocarbon

29
Q

What is alkenes reaction with hydrogen called?

A

Hydrogenation

30
Q

When naming an ester, what does the first part come from?

A

The alcohol

31
Q

How do you make a polyester?

A

A diol and a dicarboxylic acid

32
Q

What is the test for halides?

A

Add nitric acid and silver nitrate - if a precipitate forms, a halide is present

33
Q

What colour precipitate do iodide ions give when mixed with silver nitrate?

A

Yellow

34
Q

What colour precipitate do bromide ions give when mixed with silver nitrate?

A

Cream

35
Q

What colour precipitate do chloride ions give when mixed with silver nitrate?

A

White

36
Q

How do you test for sulfate ions?

A

Add HCL and then barium chloride - if a white precipitate forms then sulfate ions are present

37
Q

When is CO2 produced?

A

complete combustion

38
Q

When is SO2 produced?

A

When there is sulfur impurities in the fossil fuels

39
Q

When is CO produced?

A

Incomplete combustion

40
Q

When are nitrogen oxides produced?

A

Oxidation of N2 in the air

41
Q

How are particulates made?

A

Burning diesel

42
Q

What is the first step of making water potable?

A

Passing the water through metal bars to remove large objects such as sticks

43
Q

What is the second step of making water potable?

A

The water goes into a settlement tank to get rid of the sand and soil

44
Q

What is the third step of making water potable?

A

The water is passed through a special filter made of sand and gravel to remove and mud or grit

45
Q

What is the fourth step of making water potable?

A

Add a bit of chlorine to kill bacteria

46
Q

What is the final step of making water potable?

A

Checking that the pH is 7

47
Q

Give 2 other methods of purifying water

A
  • desalination

- reverse osmosis

48
Q

What is the first step of treating sewage?

A

Screening - removing large objects

49
Q

What is the second step of treating sewage?

A

Primary treatment - solid sediments settle and are removed to be treated

50
Q

What is the third step of treating sewage?

A

Secondary treatment - bacteria feed on and organic matter and harmful microorganisms

51
Q

What is the fourth step of treating sewage?

A

The water is sterilised and released into the river and the sludge is taken away to be used as biogas etc.

52
Q

What are the 4 parts to a Life Cycle Assessment?

A

Raw material extraction
Manufacturing
Use/Reuse/Maintenance
Recycle

Chemistry paper 2 (1 decks)

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