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GCSE PE > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 parts to a training programme

A

1) plan (aim+design)
2) develop
3) monitor
4) evaluate

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2
Q

Physical health benefits of exercise

A 
Stronger bones (reduced chance of osteoporosis)
Reduced chance of stroke and CHD (low blood pressure)
Less chance of obesity (burn fat)
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3
Q

Why is low cholesterol good

A

Blood vessels are less restricted

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4
Q

Negative physical effects of of exercise

A

Heart attack/stroke (overexertion)
Overuse injuries
Less effective immune system

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5
Q

Positive emotional effects of exercise

A 
Stress relief (serotonin increased and take mind off problems)
Competition (win feels good)
Reduce boredom
Aesthetic appreciation
Increase in self-esteem/confidence
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6
Q

Negative emotional effects of exercise

A

Depression may be caused by injury

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7
Q

Positive social effects of exercise

A

Meet friends/make new friends
Less involvement in antisocial behaviour
Improve cooperation (team work)

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8
Q

Negative social effects of exercise

A

Less time with family if professional

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9
Q

Lifestyle choices that effect sporting ability

A 
Diet
Anorexia 
Obesity
Lack of nutrients
Low activity levels
Work/rest/sleep balance
Alcohol/smoking/drugs
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10
Q

Examples of diseases caused by lack of nutrients

A

Rickets- lack of vitamin D/calcium
Scurvy - Lack of vitamin C (tiredness)
Osteoporosis- lack of calcium

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11
Q

Sedentary lifestyle

A

Limited or no physical activity

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12
Q

What is a possible reason for an increase in number of people living a sedentary lifestyle

A

Where there’s limited or no physical activity

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13
Q

Health risks of sedentary lifestyle and why they are caused

A

Heart disease (high blood pressure+low cholesterol)
Type 2 diabetes - (overweight)
Obesity - (reduced metabolic rate+inactivity)
Osteoporosis (lack of weight bearing)
Loss of muscle tone/poor posture
Poor fitness
Depression

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14
Q

Define overweight

A

A person weighs more than expected for their height and sex

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15
Q

Define overfat

A

More body fat than you should have

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16
Q

Define obese

A

Very overfat

BMI of more than 30

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17
Q

7 nutrients we need in our diet

A 
Carbohydrates 
Vitamins
Water
Protein
Minerals
Fibre
Fats
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18
Q

Define a balanced diet

A

Eating a variety of food from all different groups in the correct proportions

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19
Q

Define nutrient

A

Something that gives nourishment to the body

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20
Q

What are the macronutrients

A

Carbs
Fats
Proteins

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21
Q

Why are carbs important

A

Provide us with energy for aerobic and anaerobic

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22
Q

Why are fats important

A

Easily stored and give energy for aerobic respiration

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23
Q

Why are proteins important

A

Aid muscle growth and repair (hypotrophy)

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24
Q

What are micronutrients

A

All vitamins and minerals

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25
Q

What do vitamin D and calcium do

A

Vitamin D - helps body absorb calcium

Calcium - keeps bones strong

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26
Q

What are 2 important things in the diet that are not nutrients

A

Water and fibre

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27
Q

What are water and fibre needed for

A

Water - prevents dehydration

Fibre - aids digestive system

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28
Q

Define optimum weight

A

The ideal weight for a person to be

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29
Q

What does optimum weight depend on

A

Bone structure
Height
Sex
Muscle girth

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30
Q

What is dietary manipulation

A

Planning exactly what you eat to help optimise performance

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31
Q

What is important about protein intake

A

It should occur after activity to help maximise repair of muscle tissue and aid growth during training

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32
Q

What is carb loading

A

Increasing carbs stored as glycogen in the muscles to provide energy for performance

Eating carbs 1-4 days before activity
Reduce activity in this time
Reduce fibre intake

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33
Q

Why is water crucial for a sports person

A

To stay hydrated as water is lost through sweat otherwise

Muscles cramp, fatigue and nausea could occur

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34
Q

What is classification of skills recorded on

A

A continuum

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35
Q

What are the 3 continua in classification of skills

A

Open ______ closed
Basic (simple) ________ complex
Low organisation _____ high

36
Q

Open skills and example

A

Skills affected by the surrounding environment

Eg dribbling in football

37
Q

Closed skills and example

A

Not affected by environment

Eg penalty in football

38
Q

Basic skill and example

A

Requires little thought

Eg running

39
Q

Complex skill and example

A

Require a lot of thought

Eg dribbling past defenders

40
Q

Low organisation skill and example

A

Have clear separate phases

Eg triple jump

41
Q

High organisation skills and example

A

Have phases that are not easily broken down

Eg tumbling in trampolining

42
Q

Masses practice definition and example

A

Little or no breaks in a session

Eg basket ball shots

43
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of massed practice

A

Skill can be grooved

Boring, tiring

44
Q

Massed practice is good for what type of performer and skill

A

Performer:
Experienced, skilled, motivated
Fit

Skill: 
Simple
Closed
Low organisation 
Not dangerous
45
Q

Distributed practice definition and example

A

There are breaks in session providing rest periods and changes of activity
Eg five rugby kicks

46
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of distributed practice

A

Performer not too tired or bored

May not gain the skill in time provided

47
Q

Distributed practice is good for what type of performer and skill

A

Performer:
Beginner/not skilled
Young
Not very fit

Skill: 
Complex
Open
High organisation
Dangerous
48
Q

Fixed practice and example

A

Whole movement is repeatedly practiced so is well learned
It is not broken into smaller parts
Eg golf swing

49
Q

What type of skill is fixed practice good for

A

A closed skill

50
Q

Variable practice definition and example

A

Same skill repeated in different situations so that performer has experienced different possible moments
Eg football free kicks

51
Q

What skill is good for variable practice

A

Mainly open

52
Q

What are some of the values of goal setting

A 
Motivation
Focus
Standard can be high
Progress can be monitored
Training can be planned
53
Q

What are the SMART targets

A 
S pecific 
M easurable
A cheivable
R ealistic
T ime bound
54
Q

4 types of guidance

A

Visual
Verbal
Manual
Mechanical

55
Q

What is visual guidance and who is it good for

A

Performer is shown a demonstration of what to do

Beginners

56
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of visual guidance

A
  • can see what is correct
  • can be done with groups
  • may still not understand how to do it
  • time consuming
  • good coach needed for demonstration
57
Q

What is verbal guidance and who’s it good for

A

Performer is told how to correct technique

More experienced performer

58
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of verbal guidance

A

Given quickly
Used during performance
No equipment required

May be hard to explain
Relies on good communication

59
Q

Manuel guidance and example

A

Coach physically supports performer

Eg somersault in trampolining

60
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of manual guidance

A

Get a feel for movement
Build confidence
Break down movement into phases

Not same as when unaided
May become dependent on it
Bad coaching may lead to wrong technique
Only 1-2-1

61
Q

Mechanical guidance with exampl

A

Using equipment to aid practice

Eg harness in somersault on trampoline

62
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of mechanical guidance

A

Get a feel
Build confidence
Reduce danger

Not same as unaided
Become dependant on it
Bad coaching leads to poor technique
Not usually with large group

63
Q

4 types of feedback

A

Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Concurrent
Terminal

64
Q

What is mental rehearsal

A

Mentally picturing a skill before performing it

Eg rugby kick

65
Q

How do socio economic groups effect participation in sport

A

Cost
Availability
Time

66
Q

How do genders effect participation in sport

A

Image (eg dance and rugby)
Cost
Time

67
Q

How does age effect participation in sport

A

Access
Cost
Time
Nature of activity (intensity)

68
Q

How does disability effect participation in sport

A

Availability (facilities)
Cost
Access
Stereotype

69
Q

What is the relationship between commercialisation, media and sport/physical activity known as and why

A

The golden triangle

Each gives the others benefits

70
Q

Commercialisation

A

Organisation uses sport and media to advertise themselves via advertisement, sponsorship and endorsement

71
Q

Media

A

Provide entertainment by showing or reporting on sport so have a large audience that organisations use as a platform to advertise

72
Q

Physical activity and sport

A

Media and advertisement funds performers and sporting associations so that they can buy facilities, equipment and have large competitions

73
Q

Advantages of commercialisation for sponsor

A
  • platform for advertisement
  • brand gets good reputation if associated with high quality
  • more exposure if a big event
74
Q

Advantages of commercialisation for sport

A
  • media coverage causes greater interest so more commercialisation
  • afford to run large events
  • develop better facilities
  • inspire young people
75
Q

Advantages of commercialisation for performer

A
  • paid to endorse products
  • receive products to improve
  • allows them to train full time
76
Q

Advantages of commercialisation for spectator

A
  • more coverage
  • top events
  • replays
  • red button
77
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation for sponsor

A
  • may not get large views so less exposure

- might be associated with negativity

78
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation for sport

A
  • clothing and rules change
  • fixture times and length of season change
  • break in play for ads
  • minority sports not shown so less participation and lack of sponsorship
  • bad reporting give sport bad reputation
79
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation for performer

A
  • Event time change
  • losing sponsor causes financial problems
  • may have places to go so less time training
  • pressure to win
  • restricted clothing/equipment
  • no privacy
80
Q

Disadvantages of commercialisation for spectator

A
  • height cost for tv
  • high cost for merchandise
  • minority sports not shown
  • sponsors get best tickets (hospitality)
81
Q

Sportsmanship definition

A

Morally correct behaviour

Eg kicking ball out for injury

82
Q

Gamesmanship definition

A

Bending the rules to gain advantage or morally incorrect

Eg waste time

83
Q

Deviance

A

Breaking the rules of a sport

Eg drugs, cheating, match fixing, racism, sexism

84
Q

Why are people deviant

A
  • pressure to win
  • prizes
  • money
85
Q

Consequences of deviant behaviour

A 
Sent off
Ban
Fine
Lose sponsor
Lose reputation
Prison
86
Q

How are they attempting to reduce deviant behaviour

A

Random drug test
Campaigns eg say no to racism
Fair play awards

GCSE PE (2 decks)

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