Paper 2 Flashcards
Whats the difference of biotic and abiotic factors?
-Biotic: the living components of an environment such as, plants, fungi, animas, bacteria and other organismsthat interact with each other
- Abiotic: the non-living components of an environment such as, sunlight, temperature, water, air, soil and minerals, which influence the living organisms in an ecosystem
Wich of these are biotic and abiotic factors or both:
1. community
2. ecosystem
3. population
- biotic
- both
- biotic
Decribe the Trophic levels:
- Level 1 are producers: these are autotrophs, like plants and algea that produce their own energy through photosynthesis, they produce glucose
- Level 2 are Primary Consumers: these are herbivores that eat the producers to get energy, such as rabits, insects, deer, cow…etc
- Level 3 are Secondary Consumers: are the carnivores or omnivers that eat the primary consumers, such as some birds, snakes, foxes…etc
- Level 4 are Tertiary Consumers: these are predators that eat secondary consumers, such as sharks
- Level 5 are Quarternary Consummers: these are the top predator at the top of the food chain, like lions and eagles which have few or no natural predators
What is Secondary productivity?
It refers to the rate at which consumers (heterotrophs) convert the organic material they consume into their own biomass. It reprecents the energy transfer from one throphic level to another.
What are the two types of Secondary Productivity?
- Gross Secondary Productivita (GSP)
- Net Secondary Productivity (NSP)
What is Gross Secondary Productivity?
its the total energy or biomass consumed by heterotrophs, minus the energy lost in excretion: GSP=FoodIngested−FecalLosses
What is Net Secondary Productivity?
Its the energy that animals actually use to grow and reproduce after osme is been used for daily activities, NSP=GSP−Respiration
What are the Living relationships?
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
- Predation
- Competition
What is Mutialism?
Mutialism: when both organisms benefit, like when bees get nectar from a flower and flowers get pollinated
What is Commensalism?
Commensalism: when one organism benefits and the other is not affected, like when a bird nest in a tree for shelter and protection and the tree is unaffected from it
What is Parasition?
Parasitism: is when an organism benefits from another while the other is harmed, like when a tick sucks blood from a dog to survive, while harming the dog
What is Predation?
Predation: is when one organism, the predator, hunts and eats another, like a lion hunts and eats a zebra
What is Competition?
Competition: is when two organisms compete for the same resurce and both are harmed due to limited availability, like fish competing for the same algea or shelter
What is Natural selection?
is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing. Over time, this leads to beneficial traits within a population.
For example, girafs and their long necks
What does Species diversity mean?
it refers to the veriety of different species in an ecosystem or particular area
What is Ecological Succession?
is a process by which an ecological community undergoes changes caused by a disturbance or a colonization of new habitat
What are the 2 main types of Ecologycal Succession?
- Primary: occures in new areas that have little or no soil (an area that has been almost completely destroyed or newly formed)
Example: a new island created by lava flows - Secondary: occures when an existent ecosystem has been destried or disterbed but soil is not destroyed
Example: forest fiers or flooding
What does the First Law of Thermodynamics stated?
Energy cant be creaed or destroyed, i can only be transfered and transformed from one to another
