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Paper 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

The branch of chemistry that deals with the structure, properties, and reactions of carbon-containing compounds.

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2
Q

True or False: All organic compounds contain carbon.

A

True

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3
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes?

A

C_nH_(2n+2)

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4
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

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5
Q

Provide an example of an alkene.

A

Ethene (C2H4)

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6
Q

What type of bond is present in alkenes?

A

Double bond

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down large hydrocarbons into smaller ones is called _______.

A

Cracking

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8
Q

What is the main use of alkanes?

A

As fuels and lubricants.

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9
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

-OH (hydroxyl group)

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10
Q

True or False: Ethanol is a type of alcohol.

A

True

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11
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

C_nH_(2n+1)OH

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12
Q

What reaction occurs when an alcohol is oxidized?

A

It forms a carboxylic acid.

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13
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

A

-COOH (carboxyl group)

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14
Q

Name a common carboxylic acid.

A

Acetic acid (ethanoic acid)

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15
Q

What is a key characteristic of esters?

A

They have a sweet smell and are formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid to form an ester is called _______.

A

Esterification

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17
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule made up of repeating structural units (monomers).

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18
Q

What is the process of forming polymers from monomers called?

A

Polymerization

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19
Q

True or False: Addition polymers are formed from unsaturated monomers.

A

True

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20
Q

What is the main source of hydrocarbons?

A

Fossil fuels.

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21
Q

What is the primary use of alkenes in the chemical industry?

A

As starting materials for the synthesis of various chemicals.

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22
Q

What is the main difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds, while unsaturated hydrocarbons contain one or more double or triple bonds.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The simplest alkane is _______.

A

Methane (CH4)

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24
Q

What type of reaction do alkenes typically undergo?

A

Addition reactions.

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25
What is the term for a compound that contains both a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group?
Hydroxycarboxylic acid.
26
What are the products of the complete combustion of hydrocarbons?
Carbon dioxide and water.
27
What is the significance of isomers in organic chemistry?
Isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas, leading to different properties.
28
What is the difference between structural isomers and stereoisomers?
Structural isomers differ in the arrangement of atoms, while stereoisomers differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.
29
Fill in the blank: The prefix 'but-' in organic compounds indicates _______.
Four carbon atoms.
30
What is the main environmental concern associated with burning fossil fuels?
The release of greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming.
31
True or False: Aromatic compounds contain a benzene ring.
True
32
What is the basic structure of a benzene molecule?
A six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds.
33
What type of reaction do aromatic compounds commonly undergo?
Electrophilic substitution reactions.
34
What is a functional group?
A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for a characteristic reaction.
35
Fill in the blank: The functional group of amines is _______.
-NH2 (amino group)
36
What are the products of the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
An ester and water.
37
What is the term for the process of adding hydrogen to an alkene to make it an alkane?
Hydrogenation.
38
What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
To speed up the reaction without being consumed in the process.
39
True or False: Organic compounds can be synthesized from inorganic compounds.
True
40
What is the primary use of polyethene?
As a plastic for packaging and containers.
41
What are the two main types of polymerization?
Addition polymerization and condensation polymerization.
42
Fill in the blank: The suffix '-ane' indicates that a compound is a _______.
Alkane.
43
What are alcohols commonly used for?
As solvents, fuels, and in the production of other chemicals.
44
What is the primary characteristic of a saturated fat?
It contains no double bonds between carbon atoms.
45
Fill in the blank: The reaction of an alkene with bromine is an example of _______.
Addition reaction.
46
What is the significance of carbon's ability to form four bonds?
It allows for a diverse range of organic compounds and complex structures.
47
What type of isomerism involves the same structural formula but different spatial arrangements?
Stereoisomerism.
48
True or False: Carboxylic acids can donate protons (H+).
True
49
What is the primary characteristic of unsaturated fats?
They contain one or more double bonds in their fatty acid chains.
50
What is the purpose of distillation in organic chemistry?
To separate components of a mixture based on differences in boiling points.
51
Fill in the blank: The common name for ethanoic acid is _______.
Vinegar.
52
What is the significance of the octet rule in organic chemistry?
Atoms tend to form bonds in such a way as to achieve a full outer shell of eight electrons.
53
What is the term for a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?
Catalyst.
54
What is a primary alcohol?
An alcohol where the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon atom that is only attached to one other carbon.
55
Fill in the blank: The process of converting a liquid into vapor is called _______.
Evaporation.
56
What is the primary property of esters?
They often have pleasant fruity odors.
57
What is the role of glycerol in the formation of fats and oils?
It acts as a backbone to which fatty acids are attached.
58
What is the common name for propan-1-ol?
Propyl alcohol.
59
What is the difference between a primary and secondary alcohol?
In a primary alcohol, the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is attached to one other carbon, while in a secondary alcohol, it is attached to a carbon that is attached to two other carbons.
60
Fill in the blank: The prefix 'pent-' indicates that a compound has _______ carbon atoms.
Five
61
What is the product of the fermentation of sugars?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
62
What is the main environmental issue associated with plastic waste?
It leads to pollution and harm to wildlife.
63
True or False: All alkenes are unsaturated compounds.
True
64
What is the relationship between temperature and the rate of a chemical reaction?
Generally, an increase in temperature increases the rate of a reaction.
65
What is a common method for testing for unsaturation in organic compounds?
Using bromine water, which will decolorize in the presence of alkenes.
66
Fill in the blank: The reaction of sodium bicarbonate with acetic acid produces _______.
Carbon dioxide.
67
What is the main function of detergents in organic chemistry?
To break down fats and oils for cleaning.
68
What is the term for the energy required to start a chemical reaction?
Activation energy.
69
Fill in the blank: The process of converting a solid directly to a gas is called _______.
Sublimation.
70
What is the primary use of glycerol in the food industry?
As a sweetener and humectant.
71
What is the primary characteristic of a nucleophile?
It is an electron-rich species that donates an electron pair to form a chemical bond.
72
True or False: Aromatic compounds are generally more stable than aliphatic compounds.
True
73
What is the primary mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions?
A nucleophile replaces a leaving group in a compound.
74
Fill in the blank: The simplest alkene is _______.
Ethene (C2H4)
75
What is the role of enzymes in organic reactions?
To act as biological catalysts that speed up reactions in living organisms.

Chemistry P2 (1 decks)

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