Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Paper 2 > Flashcards

Paper 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does a steep like on the graph mean of the rate of reaction?

A

High rate of reaction
- quick reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Rate of reaction - change in mass

A
  • reaction mixture is placed on a balance
  • As the reaction takes place if a gas is produced the mass decrease
  • rate equals change in mass/change in time 
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Factors affecting rate of teaction

A
  • temperature
  • Pressure
  • Concentration
  • Surface area
  • Catalyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the collision theory?

A

Chemical reactions can only occur when reactant particles collide with each other and have sufficient energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is activation energy?

A

Minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How to work out the gradient on a graph

A

Draw a tangent at the point and then draw a triangle and then work out change in y/change in X 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Temperature on rate of reaction

A
  • increase temp
  • Particles will have more energy
  • Move more quickly
  • More frequent collisions
  • Higher proportion of successful collisions
  • So the rate of reaction increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pressure on rate of reaction

A
  • increase pressure (typically gas)
  • More crowded particles
  • More frequent collisions
  • Higher proportion of successful collisions
  • Rate of reaction increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Surface area on rate of reaction

A
  • increasing surface area —> grinding a lump into powder
  • Increases the number of reactant particles exposed
  • More frequent collisions
  • Higher proportion of successful collisions
  • Rate of reaction increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Catalyst on rate of reaction

A
  • Provide an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy
  • Meaning a greater proportion of collisions will exceed the activation energy
  • More successful collisions
  • Speeds the rate of reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a reverse reaction?

A

A reversible reaction is one in which the products can react to form the original original reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Whether forward and backward reactions both happen at the same rate, assuming we have a closed system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The position of equilibrium can be controlled by what?

A
  • changing the concentration
  • Changing the temperature
  • Changing the pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why does adding a catalyst not affect the position of equilibrium?

A

It just speeds up the reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Le Chatelier’s principle?

A

If a system at equilibrium is subjected to change the system will adjust to counteract the change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to the equilibrium if we increase the concentration?

A

Equilibrium will shift to the opposite side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens to the equilibrium if we decrease the concentration?

A

Equilibrium will shift to the side of the substance that we decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What effect does increasing the temperature have an equilibrium?

A

Shifts to the endothermic side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What effect does decreasing the temperature have an equilibrium?

A

Shifted the exothermic side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What affect does increasing the pressure have an equilibrium?

A

Shifts to the side with the fewest moles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What effect does decreasing the pressure have an equilibrium?

A

Shift to the side with the most moles

22
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A finite resource found in rocks which is composed of the remains of ancient biomass mainly plankton that was buried in mud

23
Q

What is crude oil mainly composed of?

A

Hydrocarbons

24
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

A molecule made up of carbon and hydrogen only

25
Q

First 4 homologous series of alkanes and how many carbon atoms do they have?

What is the anagram

A
  • methane - one carbon
  • Ethane - two carbons
  • Propane - 3 carbons
  • Butane - 4 carbons
    Monkeys eat peanut butter
26
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

The separation of crude oil into fractions each containing molecules with similar numbers of carbon atoms

27
Q

What is the steps of fractional distillation?

A
  1. Crude oil is vaporised by the furnace.
  2. Vapour enters the fractionating column.
  3. There is a temperature gradient in the fractionating column - the bottom is hotter than the top
  4. The vapour rises up the column.
  5. As the vapour rises it calls down.
  6. When the boiling points of the different hydrocarbon components of the vapour is reached. They condense.
28
Q

What is the order of things produced by fractional distillation?

A

Top
- liquid petroleum gases
- Petrol
- Kerosene
- Diesel
- Heavy fuel oil
- bitumen
Bottom

29
Q

As the hydrocarbon molecules get larger what decreases and what increases

A
  • viscosity and boiling points increase
  • Flammability decreases
    This applies to alkanes and alkenes
30
Q

Complete the formula hydrocarbon + oxygen, makes what?

A

Carbon dioxide + water

31
Q

What is cracking?

A

Breaking up longer hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful hydrocarbons

32
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Only contain one type of element or one type of compound

33
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more elements that are chemically joined together

34
Q

What are mixtures?

A

Two or more elements or compounds that are not chemically joined together

35
Q

What type of melting point does a pure substance have?

A

A sharp melting point

36
Q

What are formulations?

A

Mixtures of compounds or substances that do not react together. They do produce a useful product with desirable characteristics

37
Q

What is paper chromatography?

A

Used to separate out mixtures of soluble substances

38
Q

What are the two stages in chromatography?

A
  • the mobile phase
  • stationary phase
39
Q

In paper chromatography how do you distinguish between substances that are pure and impure?

A
  • impure substances produce 2 or more spots as they contain multiple substances
  • pure substances have one spot on the chromatogram as they are made from a single substance
40
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

Place a burning splint at the opening of a test tube. If hydrogen gas is present it will make a squeaky pop sound

41
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Place a glowing splint inside a test tube. The splint will relight in the presence of oxygen

42
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Lime water is used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide is bubbled through or shaken with limewater, the limewater turns cloudy

43
Q

What is the test for chlorine?

A

Damp litmus paper is used to test for chlorine gas. The litmus paper becomes bleached and turns white

44
Q

In the early atmosphere how was the seas and oceans created?

A

The water vapour condensed to form the oceans

45
Q

What is the gas percentages in our atmosphere ?

A
  • 78% nitrogen
  • 21% oxygen
  • other, including 1% argon
46
Q

What is the gas percentages in our atmosphere ?

A
  • 78% nitrogen
  • 21% oxygen
  • other, including 1% argon
47
Q

How did the levels of oxygen increase in the early atmosphere?

A
  • Oxygen is produced by plants in the process of photosynthesis
  • the levels of oxygen increased as plants evolved
48
Q

How did the levels of carbon dioxide decrease?

A
  • Dissolves in water. As water vapour condensed and the oceans and seas formed, the carbon dioxide gas dissolved producing carbonate compounds
  • plants in the oceans absorbed carbon dioxide
49
Q

How was coal formed?

A

Fossil fuel from giant plants that lived hundreds of millions of years ago in swamplike forest when these plants died they sang to the bottom of the swamp where dirt and water were on top of them. Overtime pressure and heat increased and the plant remains underwent chemical and physical changes oxygen was pushed out and all that remained was coal

50
Q

What is potable water?

A

Drinking water but not pure

Chemistry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions