Paper 2

Question 1

How much of the world live in urban areas

Answer 1

55%

Question 2

How much of HIC is urbanised

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

How much of LICs are urbanised

Answer 3

30%

Question 4

Urbanisation rate in LIC

Answer 4

6%

Question 5

Push factors of rural urban migration

Answer 5

-Natural disasters
-mechanised agriculture
-desertification

Question 6

Pull factors of rural urban migration

Answer 6

-more jobs
-better healthcare and education
-natural increase ( young people)

Question 7

What can lack off food lead to

Answer 7

Malnourishment

Question 8

What can lack of clean water lead to

Answer 8

Water born diseases eg typhoid

Question 9

What does unequal consumption mean

Answer 9

Different countries financial state effects there consumption

Question 10

How does high value foods effect countries food consumption

Answer 10

Exotic fruits exported to HIC but grown in LIC
seasonal products exported all year round

Question 11

Organic produce effects on countries food consumption

Answer 11

People become more concerned about environment look for locally sourced food

Question 12

Growing carbon footprint fact

Answer 12

10% of uk greenhouse gases from agriculture

Question 13

What are food miles

Answer 13

The distance food transported

Question 14

Effects of industrialised farming

Answer 14

-Larger fields cheaper to produce
-more chemicals used
-less employees more machinery

Question 15

Which areas of uk are in water surplus

Answer 15

North and west

Question 16

Why are the south and east of uk in water deficit

Answer 16

High population density

Question 17

Increase in How much water used in house holds

Answer 17

70% increase since 1975

Question 18

Factors contaminating water

Answer 18

-polluted/poor quality water
-fertilisers washed into rivers
-vehicle pollutants into rivers

Question 19

Strategy to reduce water pressure

Answer 19

Improved drainage systems

Question 20

What is water transfer

Answer 20

Transferring water from area of surplus to area of deficit

Question 21

Effects of water transfer

Answer 21

-Can effect wildlife in rivers
-political issues
-dams and reservoirs expensive

Question 22

How has uk energy supplies changed

Answer 22

Fossil fuels 9% in 1970>
22% in 1980>
Coal stations closed by 2025>
19% electrical

Question 23

Why is fossil fuel consumption decreased

Answer 23

Awareness of co2 emissions

Question 24

Environmental issues of energy

Answer 24

-Releases co2
-fracking pollutes groundwater cause earthquakes
-natural ecosystems damaged by renewable generators
-wind turbines eyesores

Question 25

Economic issues with energy

Answer 25

-Fossil fuel extraction expensive -renewable energy expensive for consumer -money needed for research

Question 26

What is water insecurity

Answer 26

Not having enough clean water

Question 27

What does water security depend on

Answer 27

Population, access to water, amount available

Question 28

Countries in water insecurity

Answer 28

Australia,India and Mexico

Question 29

Countries in water security

Answer 29

Canada,Brazil,Russia

Question 30

Physical factors effecting water availability

Answer 30

-Climate change (evaporation/rainfall -geology impermeable/permeable rocks

Question 31

Economic factors effecting water availability

Answer 31

-Over abstraction -limited infrastructure (more pipes/pumps needed) -populated water sources

Question 32

Impacts of water insecurity

Answer 32

-Pollutions/disease -reduced food production (irrigation uses water) -conflict e.g Nile in Egypt

Question 33

Ways to increase water supply

Answer 33

-dams/reservoirs -water diversion -water transfer -desalination

Question 34

Effects of dams and reservoirs

Answer 34

-Surplus times dam filers to use in times of deficit -can cause conflict -expensive

Question 35

What is water diversion

Answer 35

Dam to raise water level and redirected

Question 36

Effects of water diversion

Answer 36

-irrigated farmland /hydroelectric power -less disruptive then other methods

Question 37

Example of water diversion

Answer 37

Arizona imperial dam diverts from Colorado to all American canal

Question 38

What is water transfer

Answer 38

Large engineering projects move from surplus to deficit

Question 39

Effects of water transfer

Answer 39

-Reduces water insecurity -environmental/social/economic problems

Question 40

What is desalination

Answer 40

Removes salt from water

Question 41

Example of desalination

Answer 41

98% of Dubai’s water

Question 42

Effects of desalination

Answer 42

-Expensive - powered by fossil fuels

Question 43

How to increase water conservation

Answer 43

-Fixing leaks(20% lost to leaks) -water meters in homes(use 10% less water) -drip pipes irrigate farmland

Question 44

How is groundwater management

Answer 44

-license needed to extract more then 20m3 a day -shared agreements when water is shared

Question 45

How is groundwater management

Answer 45

-license needed to extract more then 20m3 a day -shared agreements when water is shared

Question 46

How can water be recycled

Answer 46

-Piped to plants to decontaminate -used for irrigation,toilets

Question 47

How could recycling effect water supplies

Answer 47

Increase supply by up to 27%

Question 48

What does groundwater management prevent

Answer 48

Over abstraction

Question 49

What is over abstraction

Answer 49

Using more water then can be replaced

Question 50

What is grey water

Answer 50

Recycled water used straight away

Question 51

Effects of grey water

Answer 51

-used for gardens and farmland -conserves energy -expensive to install -can develop bacteria