Paper 2

Question 1

Explain why the rate of assimilation of migrants varies between countries (4 marks)

Answer 1

1) The ability of migrants to speak the local language can increase the rate of assimilation as they can gain employment
2) The openness of government policies can determine the rate of
assimilation e.g. Singapore’s migration policy results in a
‘melting pot’ of cultures and identities

Question 2

Explain why some national borders are contested (8 marks)

Answer 2

1) Some national borders fall along natural borders like rivers or mountain
ranges and so there is a lack of clarity of where the boundary should be
drawn e.g. the boundary between France and Spain follows the Pyrenees
Mountains.
2) Some countries argue whether there is an existence of a border or not,
for example Taiwan believes it is a nation in its own right rather than
China does not.
3) National borders can be contested when there are disputes over natural
resources e.g. Sudan and Egypt have contested the Hala’ib region due to
its high mineral deposits of manganese which is used in iron and steel
production

Question 3

Explain why globalisation results in cultural erosion in some parts of the world (4 marks)

Answer 3

TNC’s bring new products and services , which often includes largely western cultural ideas which can push out local industries resulting in the gradual disappearance of traditional languages.

Question 4

Evaluate the importance of rebranding to the success of rural regeneration (20 marks)

Answer 4

1) Rebranding Impact: Superfast broadband and local enterprise zones exemplify how rebranding can attract businesses, create jobs, and enhance economic growth in rural areas. These initiatives have positioned Cornwall as a hub for technology and innovation.

Challenges: The financial investment required for these projects emphasizes the need for strategic planning and a sustainable economic model to ensure continued success.

2) Rebranding Impact: The Eden Project and literary and heritage projects showcase how rebranding can boost tourism, preserve cultural heritage, and create employment opportunities. These initiatives have repositioned Cornwall as a destination with unique attractions and a rich cultural tapestry.

Challenges: Managing the influx of tourists, especially during peak seasons, underscores the necessity for effective infrastructure planning to mitigate congestion and environmental impacts.

3) Rebranding Impact: Farm diversification, aligned with the ethos of sustainability, demonstrates how rebranding can encourage environmentally conscious practices. Cornwall’s emphasis on alpaca farms and B&Bs contributes to a more sustainable and diverse rural economy.

Challenges: Balancing economic diversification with environmental concerns requires careful planning to prevent land degradation and ensure the long-term viability of farming practices.

Question 5

Fracking

Answer 5

Fracking creates more well-paid jobs than previous industries did. Areas in the North of the UK have been granted license to fracking. Will result in increased income for South Wales ->positive multiplier effect
However, air and noise pollution for people living close to the fracking sites