Paper 2 Flashcards
physical health
ability to carry out daily tasks, with all body systems working well, free from injury or illness
Define mental health
A state of well-being in which every individual RECOGNISES their own potential, can COPE with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to their community
- ability to control emotions
- good body image and self-esteem
social health
- sense of belonging
- socialisiing and friendships
- teamwork and cooperation
fitness
the ability to meet the demands of the environment
reduces risks of injury
Define health
state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
wellbeing
a mix of physical, social and mental factors that give a sense of being comfortable, happy and healthy
consequences of a sedentary lifestyle
physical: weight gain, obseity, hypertension
mental: poor self esteem and body image, lethargy
social: isolation
sedentary lifestyle
inactive lifestyle with minimal to no physical activity with excessive sitting
Define obesity
people with large fat content, grossly fat or extremely overweight with BMI over 30
obesity and impact on performance
physical: increased risks of non communicable diseases eg cancer, diabetes, high cholesterol
limit flexibility, agility, loss of speed due to carrying excess weight
mental: loss of confidence and depression
social: inability to socialise
average caloric intake
male 2500kcal
females 2000kcal
somatotypes
ectomorph: tall, long limbs, little muscle and fat
mesomorph: muscular, low body fat %, B-road shoulders
endomorph: high-fat content, pear-shaped, narrow shoulders
why do we need a balanced diet?
different types of foods provide suitable nutrients, vitamins and mineral
for energy, growth and hydration
to perform daily tasks
prevent diseases and illnesses
skill vs ability
skill is learnt, needed hard work
ability is inherited potential
classifications of skills
basic/complex
externally paced/self paced
gross/fine
open/closed
types of goals
performance goals: no social comparison, only personal performance
outcome goals: with social comparison, a bigger picture aim of the result
SMART goals
specific: to the sport, movements or muscles used
measurable: can be seen when complete
accepted: eg by coach
realistic: achievable to their availability level
time-bound: cove a certain period of time to monitor progress regularly
four stages of information processing
input
decision making from working memory
output
feedback (pos/neg, ex/intrinsic)
types of feedback
intrinsic- performer giving themselves feelings and comments
extrinsic- information and opinions of others
knowledge of result/performance
positive/negative
four types of guidance
verbal
visual
manual
mechanic
verbal guidance
pros & cons
to give instructions with sayings
pros: Useful for higher-level performers,
Good for highlighting key points, Quick and easy
cons: info overload, boring, complex things hard to explain
manual guidance
where the coach physically assists the learner
pros: good to learn the correct feel, for complete beginners
cons: feels not doing it themselves
visual guidance
learning through demonstration
pros: can be copied easily, know to see specific requirements and be observed, all levels, can be online/ photos , no need to be in person
cons: need concentration, demonstrator must be of good quality, some may not be accessible to demonstrate eg swimming
mechanical guidance
Define, pros and cons
learning through the help of machines
pros: good for dangerous skills, gaining confidence
cons: may grow reliant, expensive equipment
qualitative VS quantitative data
qualitative: subjective data involving opinions eg explanations of results via observations, interviews or questionnaires
quantitative: data that can be quantified as a number, factual
role of fats in a balanced diet
To provide energy (at low intensities) (1)
• To help insulate the body (1)
• To protect vital organs (1)
• To support cell growth (1)
Explain why a games player requires carbohydrates and protein in their diet. 4 marker
Carbohydrates (sub-max 2 marks)
• During a game carbohydrates would be the preferred energy source enabling them to perform for
the whole game (1)
• Carbohydrates provide energy when working at different intensities which is a key component of
most games (1)
Protein (sub-max 2 marks)
• Protein can help develop muscular strength which will allow the player to potentially jump higher/
change direction quicker (1)
• After training/competing protein can help repair muscle tissue which means the player will be
ready to perform again (1)
State two positive effects that being physically active can have on mental health
Increase in confidence / self-esteem (1)
Reduces stress / tension / depression (1)
Release of (serotonin) feel good hormones / makes an individual feel happy (1)
Able to control emotions / anger (1)
State two negative effects that obesity could have on an individual’s mental health
Depression (1)
Loss of confidence / self-conscious (1)
Anxiety / stress (1)
State two negative effects that obesity could have on an individual’s social health.
Inability to leave home (as they are ashamed of their body) (1)
Inability to socialise or make friends (1)
Define an open skill
A skill which is performed in a certain way to deal with a changing or unstable environment
Outline the difference between self-paced and externally paced skills
AO1
Self-paced – started when the performer decides to start it / the speed, rate or pace of the skill is
controlled by the performer (1)
Externally paced – started because of an external factor / the speed, rate or pace of the skill is
controlled by external factors (1)
AO2
Self-paced – javelin throw / conversion in rugby / marathon running (1)
Externally paced – sprint start / when you respond to your opponents movement whilst marking (1)
Give an example of a complex skill. 4 marks
AO2 (sub-max 1 mark)
Performing a high jump (1)
AO3 (sub-max 3 marks)
Requires coordinated running in an accurate bend (1)
Correctly timed jump in relation to the bar/bed (1)
Effective body position to clear the bar (1)
Gender is a factor that affects the recommended calorie intake per day for an
individual.
Describe two other factors that affect calorie intake.
Age (sub-max 2 marks)
Age (1)
Under the age of 25 people need more calories (1)
When you get old your body replaces muscle with fat and fat burns fewer calories (1)
Height (sub-max 2 marks)
Height (1)
You need to consume more calories the taller you are (1)
Taller people have larger skeletons (1)
Energy expenditure (sub-max 2 marks)
Energy expenditure (1)
The more exercise you do the more calories you will need (1)
As you need more energy to carry out the exercise (1)
Define dehydration.
Excessive loss of body water interrupting the normal function of the body
Outcome goals
Concerned with overall result and winning, having comparison to others
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations
Intrinsic – the drive that comes from within (eg for pride, satisfaction, a sense of accomplishment, self-worth) (1)
• Extrinsic – the drive to perform well or to win in order to gain external rewards (eg prizes, money, praise) (1)
Eg… running a pb in a marathon ; winning a medal
consequences of dehydration
- blood thickens (increased viscosity > slows blood flow)
- HR increase
- muscle cramps(lactic acid buildup)
- temp increase
- reaction time decrease
percentages of nutrition
carbs 55-60 %
fats 25-35 %
protein 15-20 %
vitamins, fibre, minerals, hydration in the mix
aggression
deliberate intent to harm another person
- direct: physical contact involved
- indirect: taken out on object
information processing
input (5 senses)
decision making (long + short term memory)
output (muscle movement)
feedback (intrinsic + ex)
