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A Level Physics > Paper 1 - Weak Points > Flashcards

Paper 1 - Weak Points Flashcards

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1
Q

What interaction produces strange particles?

A

The strong interaction

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2
Q

What interaction do strange particles decay through?

A

The weak interaction

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3
Q

T/F: EM waves travel at different speeds in a vacuum dependent on their wavelength

A

False: all EM waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum

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4
Q

Define polarisation

A

The process of restricting the oscillations of particles in a transverse wave to one plane that is still perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation or energy transfer

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5
Q

Why can polarisation only take place in traverse waves?

A

Particles cannot oscillate in more than one plane in longitudinal waves because they have to oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation or energy transfer

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6
Q

What are the two directions of polarising a transverse wave?

A

Vertically or horizontally

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7
Q

Why might you see no wave transmitted after polarising it?

A

Because it only had components in one plane originally and they were both polarised

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8
Q

What is plane polarisation?

A

Another name for polarisation in which the oscillations of particles in a transverse wave are restricted to one plane perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation or energy transfer

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9
Q

What do you see if you rotate a polariser through 360 degrees?

A

Peaks and troughs in the intensity of the wave that looks like a sin curve

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10
Q

What happens to the intensity of a polarised wave?

A

It decreases

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11
Q

Which property of a wave changes when it diffracts?

A

The amplitude

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12
Q

How does the amplitude of a diffracted wave change?

A

The amplitude of the diffracted wave is less than that of the incident wave because the energy is distributed over a wider area

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13
Q

Why does diffraction occur?

A

When a wave passes through an aperture it is forced to curve and this causes it to interfere

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14
Q

What does the interference pattern formed by diffraction look like?

A

The interference pattern has one large and bright central maxima and then several dark fringes that have decreasing intensity on either side of it

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15
Q

What does the interference pattern look like if you diffract white light?

A

There is a central white maxima with a spectrum on either side of it

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16
Q

What happens to the interference pattern if you increase the wavelength of light?

A

You increase the angle of diffraction meaning the interference pattern gets more spread out, the fringes get wider and dimmer so fewer maxima can be seen

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17
Q

T/F: Increasing the wavelength has the same effect on the interference pattern as decreasing the slit width in diffraction

A

True

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18
Q

What is material dispersion?

A

When different wavelengths of light take different amounts of time to travel through the optical fibre because they travel at different speeds in the core

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19
Q

What does material dispersion cause?

A

Signal degradation and pulse broadening

20
Q

What is model dispersion?

A

When different waves take different paths through the core meaning they arrive at the other end of the optical fibre at different times

21
Q

What does modal dispersion cause?

A

Signal degradation and pulse broadening

22
Q

What is the solution to material dispersion?

A

Use a monochromatic light source

23
Q

What is the solution to modal dispersion?

A

Use a step index core

24
Q

What is absorption in a fibre optic cable?

A

When the signal is absorbed by the materal

25
Q

Why is absorption a problem for transmitting information via fibre optic cables?

A

Absorption causes a reduction in amplitude of the signal meaning it can be misinterpreted and this causes signal degradation

26
Q

What is the solution to signal degradation?

A

Use repeaters to boost the signal

27
Q

Define projectile motion

A

When an object experiences motion in the vertical and horizontal planes in a uniform gravitational field

28
Q

Define elastic deformation

A

Deformation of a material that will allow it to return to its original shape after the load has been removed

29
Q

Define plastic deformation

A

Deformation of a material that will not allow it to return to its original shape after the load has been removed

30
Q

What is the name for the linear section of a force-extension graph?

A

The elastic region

31
Q

What is the name for the curved section of a force-extension graph?

A

The plastic region

32
Q

What is the limit of proportionality?

A

The point where a material stops obeying Hooke’s Law

33
Q

How can we see the limit of proportionality on a force-extension graph?

A

The graph stops being linear

34
Q

What is the elastic limit?

A

The point at which the material stops elastically deforming and starts plastically deforming

35
Q

Define brittle material

A

Materials that have little to no plastic region and reach their breaking point with little to no deformation

36
Q

Define ductile material

A

Materials that have a large plastic region meaning they reach their breaking point after a large amount of plastic deformation

37
Q

What does the I-V graph look like for an ohmic conductor?

A

A linear graph

38
Q

What does the I-V graph look like for a semiconductor diode?

A

y = x^3, with an point of inflection at 0

39
Q

What does the I-V graph look like for a filament lamp?

A

A logarithmic graph in both positive and negative y

40
Q

What happens to the resistance of a thermistor when the temperature increases?

A

The resistance increase

41
Q

What happens to the resistance of an LDR when the light intensity increases?

A

The resistance decreases

42
Q

What is superconductivity?

A

A property of some materials where they have zero resistivity below a critical temperature

43
Q

How do you determine the critical temperature for a superconductor?

A

It is dependent on the material

44
Q

Why do we use potential dividers?

A

They provide an output voltage that is a fraction of the input voltage

45
Q

Define emf

A

The amount of chemical energy that is converted to electrical energy and transferred to a coulomb of charge when it passes through the power supply

46
Q

Define lost volts

A

The difference between the potential difference supplied to the circuit and the emf of the cell that is due to the work done against the internal resistance of the power supply

47
Q

What two conditions do you need for Young’s Double Slit experiment to be able to accurately determine the wavelength?

A

The screen distance must be much greater than the slit width
The path difference must be greater than half a wavelength

A Level Physics (19 decks)

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