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GCSE Biology > Paper 1: Section 5- Health, Disesase and the Development of Medicine > Flashcards

Paper 1: Section 5- Health, Disesase and the Development of Medicine Flashcards

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1
Q

How is health defined by the World Health Organization (WHO)?

A

A state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being.

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2
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease that can be transferred from one person to another, or from one organism to another.

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3
Q

Name 3 examples of communicable diseases.

A
  1. measles
  2. food poisoning
  3. malaria
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4
Q

What is a non-communicable disease?

A

A disease that is not transferred between people or other organisms

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5
Q

Name 4 examples of non-communicable diseases.

A
  1. cardiovascular disease
  2. cancer
  3. chronic respiratory disease
  4. diabetes
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6
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A disease-causing organism, including
viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists

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7
Q

What is the body’s defense system against entry of any foreign body, including pathogens?

A

The immune system

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8
Q

What is bacteria?

A

Single-celled microorganisms (Singular is bacterium) that can survive on their own, inside or outside the body.

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9
Q

How can you treat bacteria?

A

Antibiotics that bust open the bacterial cells.

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10
Q

What is a virus?

A

An infectious non-cellular organism that require host cells to reproduce.

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11
Q

How can you treat a virus?

A

Possible to get “antivirals” but rest and hydration can help your immune system.

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12
Q

What is a protist?

A

A eukaryotic, usually single-celled organism of the kingdom Protista.

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13
Q

How can you prevent infection from protists?

A

Mosquito nets or insect repellents.

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14
Q

What are fungi?

A

A large group of eukaryotic organisms that contain single-celled yeasts, moulds, and mushrooms.

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15
Q

What is cholera and how is it transmitted?

A

A bacterial infection that is often transmitted in dirty water or contaminated food.

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of cholera?

A

. diarrhoea
. feeling and being sick (vomiting)
. stomach cramps

17
Q

If infected how can you be treated from cholera?

A

Taking oral rehydration solutions to prevent dehydration and shock. The solutions have salts and glucose in them to help replace those lost in diarrhoea and vomiting.

18
Q

How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?

A

. A vaccine
. Antibiotics

19
Q

What is Tuberculosis (TB) and how is it transmitted?

A

A bacterial infection spread in tiny droplets when a person coughs or sneezes- an air born disease.

20
Q

What are the symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB)?

A

. a bad cough often resulting in coughing up blood
. loss of appetite leading to weight loss
. high temperature
. tiredness and fatigue

21
Q

Who are most likely to catch Tuberculosis (TB)?

A

Patients that have other diseases or a weakened immune system.

22
Q

If infected how can you be treated from Tuberculosis (TB)?

A

Antibiotics

23
Q

How can the spread of Tuberculosis (TB) be reduced or prevented?

A

The BCG vaccine

24
Q

What is Helicobacter pylori and what can it cause?

A

A bacterium which can cause stomach ulcers. The bacteria simply live in the stomach lining without causing ulcers.

25
Q

How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted?

A

From an infected person, through saliva.

26
Q

For some people, infection by H. pylori starts to _____the lining of the stomach which then stops protecting them from the _________ acid in their stomach. This irritation forms an ____. We don’t yet know why some people are more likely to develop ____.

A
  1. irritate the lining of the stomach
  2. hydrochloric
  3. ulcer
  4. ulcers.
27
Q

What lifestyle factors can increase the risk of stomach ulcers?

A

. spicy food
. stress
.excessive alcohol
. smoking

28
Q

What are the symptoms of Helicobacter pylori?

A

. indigestion
. heartburn
. loss of appetite and weight loss

29
Q

What can be used to treat stomach ulcers shown to be caused by Heliobacter pylori?

A

. Antibiotics

30
Q

How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?

A

. A vaccine
. Antibiotics

31
Q

How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?

A

. A vaccine
. Antibiotics

GCSE Biology (18 decks)

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