Paper 1: Section 5- Health, Disesase and the Development of Medicine Flashcards
How is health defined by the World Health Organization (WHO)?
A state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being.
What is a communicable disease?
A disease that can be transferred from one person to another, or from one organism to another.
Name 3 examples of communicable diseases.
- measles
- food poisoning
- malaria
What is a non-communicable disease?
A disease that is not transferred between people or other organisms
Name 4 examples of non-communicable diseases.
- cardiovascular disease
- cancer
- chronic respiratory disease
- diabetes
What is a pathogen?
A disease-causing organism, including
viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protists
What is the body’s defense system against entry of any foreign body, including pathogens?
The immune system
What is bacteria?
Single-celled microorganisms (Singular is bacterium) that can survive on their own, inside or outside the body.
How can you treat bacteria?
Antibiotics that bust open the bacterial cells.
What is a virus?
An infectious non-cellular organism that require host cells to reproduce.
How can you treat a virus?
Possible to get “antivirals” but rest and hydration can help your immune system.
What is a protist?
A eukaryotic, usually single-celled organism of the kingdom Protista.
How can you prevent infection from protists?
Mosquito nets or insect repellents.
What are fungi?
A large group of eukaryotic organisms that contain single-celled yeasts, moulds, and mushrooms.
What is cholera and how is it transmitted?
A bacterial infection that is often transmitted in dirty water or contaminated food.
What are the symptoms of cholera?
. diarrhoea
. feeling and being sick (vomiting)
. stomach cramps
If infected how can you be treated from cholera?
Taking oral rehydration solutions to prevent dehydration and shock. The solutions have salts and glucose in them to help replace those lost in diarrhoea and vomiting.
How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?
. A vaccine
. Antibiotics
What is Tuberculosis (TB) and how is it transmitted?
A bacterial infection spread in tiny droplets when a person coughs or sneezes- an air born disease.
What are the symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB)?
. a bad cough often resulting in coughing up blood
. loss of appetite leading to weight loss
. high temperature
. tiredness and fatigue
Who are most likely to catch Tuberculosis (TB)?
Patients that have other diseases or a weakened immune system.
If infected how can you be treated from Tuberculosis (TB)?
Antibiotics
How can the spread of Tuberculosis (TB) be reduced or prevented?
The BCG vaccine
What is Helicobacter pylori and what can it cause?
A bacterium which can cause stomach ulcers. The bacteria simply live in the stomach lining without causing ulcers.
How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted?
From an infected person, through saliva.
For some people, infection by H. pylori starts to _____the lining of the stomach which then stops protecting them from the _________ acid in their stomach. This irritation forms an ____. We don’t yet know why some people are more likely to develop ____.
- irritate the lining of the stomach
- hydrochloric
- ulcer
- ulcers.
What lifestyle factors can increase the risk of stomach ulcers?
. spicy food
. stress
.excessive alcohol
. smoking
What are the symptoms of Helicobacter pylori?
. indigestion
. heartburn
. loss of appetite and weight loss
What can be used to treat stomach ulcers shown to be caused by Heliobacter pylori?
. Antibiotics
How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?
. A vaccine
. Antibiotics
How can the spread of cholera be reduced or prevented?
. A vaccine
. Antibiotics
