Paper 1, Physical

Question 1

Seismic hazards

Answer 1

Generated when rocks within 700 km of the Earth’s surface come under such stress that they break and become displaced.

Question 2

Volcanic hazards

Answer 2

Associated with eruption events.

Question 3

Where are earthquakes found

Answer 3

Main Earthquake zones are found in clusters around plate boundaries. 70% of all earthquakes are found in the ‘ring of fire’ in the Pacific ocean.

Question 4

intra-plate earthquakes

Answer 4

These occur in the middle or interior of tectonic plates and are much rarer than boundary earthquakes

Question 5

Volcano

Answer 5

A landform that develops around a weakness in the Earth’s crust from which molten magma, volcanic rock, and gases are ejected or extruded.

Question 6

Divergent (Constructive)

Answer 6

margins are generally the origin of low magnitude earthquakes

Question 7

what is the violence of a volcano determined by

Answer 7

he amount of dissolved gas in the magma and how easily the gas can escape. There are about 500 active volcanoes around the world.

Question 8

Conservative margin

Answer 8

are where plates slide against one another and usually cause earthquakes of considerable magnitude

Question 9

Convergent

Answer 9

margins are where plate material is melting in the mantle, causing frequent earthquakes and volcanoes. The area where one plate starts sliding under the other is called the subduction zone

Question 10

Plate tectonics theory

Answer 10

A theory developed more than 60 years ago to explain the large-scale movements of the lithosphere (the outermost layer of the Earth). It was based around the evidence from sea floor spreading and ocean topography, marine magnetic anomalies, etc.

Question 11

Lithosphere -

Answer 11

The surface layer of the Earth is a rigid outer shell composed of the crust and upper mantle. It is on average 100 km deep. The lithosphere is always moving, but very slowly, fuelled by rising heat from the mantle which creates convection currents. The distinction between lithosphere and asthenosphere is one of physical strength rather than a difference in physical composition. The lithosphere is broken into huge sections, which are the tectonic plates.